I’m pretty sure they’re covered by the so-called sui generis protection of databases within the EU/EEA at least. That one is about protecting the effort and investment, not originality of expression.
must not be linked, or must be capable of separation without losing their informative content;
must be organised according to specific criteria, which means that only planned collections are covered;
must be individually accessible – mere storage of data is not covered by the term database."
It seems like model weights does not clear the definition of a database in EU law- notably, they are not a collection of individual works that are individually accessible.https://intellectual-property-helpdesk.ec.europa.eu/regional...?