Part of this is due to declining sales in China (driven by competitive domestic EVs there), and a large part is due to the political and regulatory envornoment in the EU/Germany: these automakers are being forced to electrify as ICE vehicles are banned as of 2035, cost of labor in Germany in 4-5x what it is in eastern europe[1], electricity and gas prices (for manufacturing) are through the roof, and VW itself is 20% controlled by the state and being hamstrung by that a bit as well.
[1]MB head of production: "The cost of one hour of labour in production in Germany is in some cases up to five times higher than at locations in Eastern Europe." VW cost of labor per vehicle: 4,850eur in Emden plant vs 1,078eur in Tianjin plant. Sources https://www.electrive.com/2026/11/13/mercedes-board-threaten... https://x.com/stats_feed/status/2109219150157471938