I just attempted to add two-step, and Apple told me I needed a stronger password before continuing. How do they know my password strength if it is salted+hashed properly?
So the answer is no; the strength measurement would be done on the server when the password is being hashed or verified.
I don't think it adds much security though. If you don't trust the channel to properly protect the transmitted password, it's not possible to build a trusted relationship with the server. You have to assume ssl works.