>What are the long term health costs of unnecessary chemotherapy?
How could you possibly know it whether or not it's necessary?
How could you possibly know it whether or not it's necessary?
That is extremely strong evidence that American doctors are applying a painful & damaging treatment far more often than can be rationally justified.
And how are you measuring mortality?
By the number of women who actually die of breast cancer.
Suppose, normalized for population size, 1000 women of a certain age die of breast cancer in both country A and country B. In country A, 5000 women are treated with chemo. In country B, 20000 women are treated with chemo.
Which country has the more competent doctors? I think the answer is obvious.
Hint: The USA is not country A.
You're trying to oversimplify something that isn't simple.
By the way, exactly what country are you talking about here?