CLA - Closest 'mainline' term would be a recurrent neural network, but the neurons and network organization are very different.
OPF - This is more of a runtime environment or a set of tools to work with.
Encoders - These are actually a step below what you think of as an autoencoder. They translate many data types into useable inputs for the network. Then the spatial pooler takes over and tries to find efficient representations.
While it's possible to describe Numenta's work with existing frameworks, and unifying nomenclature is always useful, I hope you'll take the time to learn the system so that we can apply the correct shared terminology!
Full Disclosure: I used to work for Numenta.