The dust coming in from the Gobi was a result of deforestation and poor land management policies, which were pretty much cleaned up for the Olympics and have remained quite fixed. We haven't had a real dust storm in Beijing since early 2008, I think, and definitely not one in the last 4 years.
The PM2.5 today is not carried by dust from the Gobi, but it still exists, of course. Ironically, the overall effect today is much worse than it was in 2008 (maybe because it just stays in Asia now?). I'm not sure if the pollution can still travel across the pacific without the huge dust storms of the past.
Here is some more info:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Dust
All of the info in the article is out of date though. I wish I could find something more up to date. Edit: a recent dust storm in March 2013 that made its way to Japan:
* http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1187348/dust-storms-a...
* http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/03/12/national/tokyo-d...
I remember this, but I didn't think it was particularly bad, at least the sky didn't turn yellow. The air was definitely crappy though, but once it all blew out (well, to Japan), it was quite clean afterwards.
Perhaps the solution to China's pollution problems are giant fans (Japan can then build giant robots to destroy these fans).