speed up by 10? Move to python.
Speed up by 100? Move to Go.
Speed up by 1000? Move to C++.
Loading the Rails environment is just too slow, thus you need a preloader such as Zeus or Spring. And then you need something like Guard to make unit testing semi-bearable. But running the whole test suite would still be too slow, so you need parallel_tests to spread the tests across multiple cores (and multiple databases). And finally you drink the PORO kool-aid and start decoupling your codebase from Rails stuffs, and end up debating with DHH in HN.