10 years ago I would see the very occasional article about Lisp. Now FP discussion is everywhere. Whether it's being used in prod systems or not, FP is certainly gaining attention.
Still, as far as I know, the work horses in some of the biggest firms in the industry are those not-so-FP languages, like Java, C++ and Python.
FP is very cool, but I think it has yet reached that far to be treated more seriously like those more mature ones, which represent not only the language itself, but also the ecosystem behind: tools, libraries and community.
2. what is the crossover of internet-capable devices also running Java or C? like 100%?
3. you are only defending your assumption that there is a bigger install base, not a bigger developer base.
The problem with the TIOBE index is that it also seems to factor in courses and services--I wonder if there is a straight-up developer census.
That'd solve the question rather thoroughly. :)
embedded systems + financial/government sectors + academia + video games + mobile apps (compared to simply "web development") is my defense against the notion that there are more Javascript developers.