"His first discovery was that nearly all banks rely on a few big, and not terribly agile, outside vendors to provide all the software that makes bank computer systems work."

I worked in this industry for about 6 years in the 90s, and there were a few small companies moving all the data center functions over to pc software from mainframes, but most (all?) of them got bought up by the big players. I got out of it when the medium-ish company I worked for got bought up and I got laid off. I heard some of the people I worked with split off and started new tiny companies.

Circle Of Life, I guess.