I'd avoid relying upon articles like this one though, from my experience they're frequently wrong.
I've been a developer on the leading equities analytics software, was lead developer on the worlds largest credit derivative trade settlement platform, and now work in currency trading. I don't have a huge in-depth knowledge in these areas, but I know enough that I can tell most of these articles are written by people who are completely clueless.
I'm not aware of any book that describes all the major parts of finance in one go, but Warren Buffet's shareholder letters (which have been collected in book form) are a good place to start. He explains so clearly what business is and is not that I think it will arm one with a good signal-to-noise filter. I think the hacker feels that highs, lows, Jim Cramer's screaming, stock charts, naked shorts, uptrends/downtrends, and all that other stuff is a basket of canards, but is unable to articulate this; armed with the knowledge of how and why exactly public corporations work and what their stock is for, he should be ready to use the same patterns of knowledge to tackle the rest of finance.
..the hyperinflation fearmongers, the deflation fearmongers, Austrian economics true believers, Randists, socialists, And most of them are wrong.
And in case you haven't noticed from the recent bank and financial mess, economics and finance are related.
We only have vague understandings of the macroeconomics of finance, so that stuff isn't really worthwhile to people not interested in economics.
Maybe that is precisely why the Great Depression, this current mild depression/steep recession, and other financial messes throughout history catch people who "only have vague understandings of the macroeconomics of finance" by surprise.
Speaking of economists, reading The Economist is a pretty good way to get your feet wet initially. It's a magazine, but its pretty in depth, but at the same time doesn't assume you're an expert on all parts of the system.
I read this entire article to her out loud and she was actually impressed with the accuracy of what is usually sensationalist writing from the Rolling Stone.
As programmers who like to make black and white or otherwise binary decisions about things, I'd say we'd be the least qualified to make bogus or unfounded statements.