Whichever you're most competent in. Any of those languages (and many others) would be a suitable option, so it boils down to what you are most proficient in.
EDIT: Personally, I would start in something like Haskell or Scala just to do a proof-of-concept without having to worry too much about undefined behavior (C/C++) or absurd verbosity (Java), but then I am pretty familiar with those two languages. Maybe it would be worth learning one or two very terse languages to start with, just in case you hit upon a great idea? (Btw, I think Python or Perl qualifies.)
EDIT#2: As a sort of second or third order bit of advice, I'd encourage anyone to brush up on programming languages that might make you faster. It's a sort of "propellant" and can increase your speed exponentially.