There is a paper by a Qualcomm engineer that talks about how standards are set and how patents play a role in it, specifically in the context of 3GPP. It is a pretty complex process involving attending meetings and casting votes, and many participants do not contribute any technology. Surprisingly, patents seem to be an afterthought.

But then Qualcomm makes a billion or so every year in royalties, so that's something to keep in mind. Will link the article if I can find it.