There are definitely design patterns for frontend. There are just no books being published on this topic yet.

Most knowledge in this area is scattered is varies blog post, tech talks, and maybe some framework guides. There are a few published as GitHub gists and readme. Occasionally, you'll find some comments in framework source code that reference some reading material

But yes, it would be nice for someone to put together a book.

Some example of frontend pattern: - promise - data binding - FRP event stream

None of these are exclusively frontend, but you'll see them more often in UI development.