I then argued with him about the money he would likely lose implementing his plan. He said, "what are the odds the ball will land on red five times in a row?". (We were ignoring the existence of the green 0 and 00). I took out a quarter, flipped it seven times, and it landed heads every time. This happened straight-away.
That was a random sequence, it was all 0s, and I'd like to think he was lucky that it happened that way, and convinced him to abandon his plan.
But I was also lucky. I had intended to demonstrate this, and was prepared to be flipping the coin hundreds of times until the run of 0s came up. You could say I was predicting the next result correctly 100% of the time on those first 7 flips. But my ability to predict the results didn't show their non-randomness, instead it showed my "luckiness". Which really means they weren't predictions at all, I guess.
To generate a highly random output that appears independent from the source and uniformly distributed a randomness extractor [1] has to beapplied. The most well know is the Von Neumann extractor.
IMHO random string = string that has Kolmogorov complexity = length of this string.
Almost all strings we got from random variables with uniform distribution are random, but not all.