There were several periods when hitchhiking was widely accepted, and they usually coincided with large groups of otherwise respectable people having to hit the road. The Depression was one of those times. Post-war periods, when soldiers are returning home, have been others.
These days car ownership is so common that you have to be young and crazy, desperately poor, or criminal to hitch hike, and drivers know that.
It's still surprising how many drivers will pick you up. There's a lot of lonely people looking for conversation on the road.