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"In vertebrates, inter-aural time differences are known to be calculated in the superior olivary nucleus of the brainstem. According to Jeffress,[1] this calculation relies on delay lines: neurons in the superior olive which accept innervation from each ear with different connecting axon lengths."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_localization

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How is that not a neural network? This system is basically exploiting the property of action potential propagation down the axon to capture relative timing differences.

As an aside, there are a number of useful properties seen in biological neural networks that aren't yet incorporated into multi-layer perceptrons. E.g. short-term plasticity, axonal delays, spiking neurons, etc. I expect that some of these will find their way into the MLP formulation when we can figure out an effective mathematical way of doing so.

I mean that it's not a neural network in the computational sense. Sorry about the terminology issue.

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