Ethiopia has a population of 105 million, yet it has the gross scientific output of Latvia, a country of only 1.92 million:
https://www.natureindex.com/country-outputs/generate/All/glo...
What is growing is CO2 emissions, at 14.9 million tonnes. By contrast, Latvia emits only 8 million tonnes.
On a per-CO2 basis, Latvia is twice as efficient as Ethiopia in producing science. On a per-capita basis, Latvia is 55x as efficient.
The situation is the same across the world when you compare countries populated by Europeans or East-Asians against everyone else.