Junk_Collector

Said another way, you're making a filter. Zeroing out FFT bins is a brickwall filter. Brickwall filters have poor frequency and amplitude accuracy if you are trying to preserve the signal in the passband. A Flattop filter will give maximum amplitude accuracy, a gaussian filter will give good amplitude and excellent frequency accuracy. Other filter types can be implemented to require less computation for resource constrained systems under certain circumstances. Zeroing is the simplest filter to implement in code, but it's performance is essentially the worst from a signals point of view.

I was replying specifically to the "It doesn't matter if we just make enough" idea. For solar panels on a site scale you can use variable pitch panels focused on a solar collector to control your output power if you are peaking to high. Wind can use variable pitch turbine blades. Both of these configurations add a lot of cost but are worth it when talking grid scale generation and aren't uncommon in practice. The actual power you put onto the grid does need to be matched to how much is being used. Storage (hydro is the most popular it doesn't have to be batteries) allows for cheaper generation because you have a lot more options for burning off overshoots and peaks with the benefit of smoothing out dips. Without storage all of this together gives rise to weird things in practice like California selling power at a loss to Arizona and then buying it back because of the combination of subsidies and grid stability.

Unfortunately no. Whatever power you generate you have to send somewhere. Excess generation will push the grid frequency high and destabilize the grid in much the same way that insufficient generation will pull the frequency down and destabilize the grid. Storage doesn't just provide power during low generation, it provides somewhere for power to go when generation outpaces demand.

The core of EE is Fourier analysis and BCI is no exception but you should be strong there because you've studied applied math. Most of your target books are good after your HN update, but one thing you are missing that will probably make a big difference are some books on measurement science. You'll want to get some focused both on EE and biomed/biology because they will focus on different things and both are relevant to your interests. Eventually you'll also want to touch on some non-linear and statistical control which play into the implementation of the more modern cutting edge BCIs. DSP overlaps a lot with this but still has some uniqueness you'll need to learn to put things into practice.

Just an FYI, a lot of BCI companies are running stuff like repurposed audio analyzers ala the U8903B for lab work and bench testing their designs. Parallelism is the name of the game, and analog performance requirements aren't super strict so you won't be designing custom ICs any time soon unless you want to work on the probe interfaces themselves (which are more MEMS than circuit design but need a little of both).

Something like Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design by Webster is a great place for a beginner who wants to toy with human interfacing circuits. Back it up with something like The Art of Electronics and that will get you to professional lab tech territory.

Physics and EE have a lot of overlap and exposure to analog circuits in undergrad is pretty shallow. There will typically be a class that covers RLC and switched circuits in time and frequency domain and the basic uses of amplifiers and filters. After that it's theory applied from Fourier analysis and control theory and then they'll have a class on semiconductor physics and another that covers basic amplifier design. These days a lot of focus is on integrated chip design instead of board design. As far as most board level design these days, someone coming from a physics background will pick it up just fine on the job or in the lab as long as you have solid fundamentals.

More advanced stuff that you probably lack vs a practicing EE or an EE graduate education is going to be edge cases, advanced stability analysis, translinear logic and exposure to all the different types of component design. There are tons of different types of say amplifiers used in specific applications whereas most people working in a lab just slap opAmps on everything. A lot of advanced analog design is just applied control theory. Also keep in mind that these days Digital, RF, and Analog all blur a lot in a cutting edge design environment.

Quick Edit: A lot of the more traditional EE design companies will consider someone with a physics degree to be equivalent to someone with an EE degree unless they are looking for a very specific niche.

Kalman filters are linear while Particle Filters are not necessarily. This can have a lot of implications depending on what you are doing.

Silicon Valley was built in the valley because that was cheap available land that was mostly empty but still accessible to a major coastal port. It only became the crowded modern environment after the corporations were built there and became successful. San Francisco became big because it was a major shipping port.

Not that long ago it was Detroit, Buffalo, Boston, Dallas, Houston, Princeton, Pittsburgh, Trenton, and more than I can count that were the bustling megalopolis' of America where you went to if you wanted engineering talent or culture for that matter.

By direct sampling do you mean non-interleaved? The UXR oscilloscope he linked has a set of 256 Gsample/sec digitizers which can do the full DC to 110GHz on all 4 channels.

Honestly, the whole thing reads like a hit piece. There are published standards for exposure levels in foods but the committee intentionally used inapplicable standards such as the much more stringent standard for purified water. Their reasoning is, "It is not sound logic to say that water is unsafe to drink if it contains over 5 ppb lead, but candy and fruit juice can be ten and twenty times higher than that limit."

The report is also full of frankly offensive conjecture. You'll find statements like, "Whether due to evasion or negligence, Sprout’s failure to respond raises serious concerns about the presence of toxic heavy metals in its baby foods," about any company that didn't respond to the committee in the way they felt appropriate.

They also repeatedly state that the levels of heavy metals in baby foods are unsafe but they never actually make a case for it. They just take it as truth and titled the report as such.

Finally, I would keep in mind that this is a congressional oversight committee staff report. This wasn't made by scientists. Nobody involved in the creation of the report has working knowledge of food safety or testing procedures. All testing in the report was provided by the companies in question. This report was made by a team of people working for the House as the foundation for proposing new laws and regulations and as such it's an inherently political report.

Frankly, after the publishing of this report it's doubtful that any company will be willing to work with this subcommittee ever again and they would be right to refuse.

It's only useful it it allows you to reason correctly about stuff in contemporary stores. The argument is that the label does not supply information that is actually relevant to crafting a healthy diet.

Well to start with ultra processed as defined by the article would include...

All cured meats

Meat that has been shredded ground and or blended such as hamburger or meatballs

Breads and pastries

Yogurts, cheese, and ice cream

Anything with a roux or other thickening agent

Candy

Most fried foods

Anything with preservatives added

Anything including alcohol

Anything that has been artificially colored

It's not hard to see how those add ups.

Ladder logic already exists and was designed for documenting and programming asynchronous clock-less computers. The problem is that it's like programming C++ in the early 90's where every hardware vendor sells you their own proprietary implementation.

It's definitely a funny one. I hadn't heard of it but it appears to be an Instagram alike for 3D models and VR. If Google was trying to establish themselves as a first mover platform in the VR space, it's odd that they would can such a product before VR itself has finished taking off. It signals that they actually have no interests in VR going forward but it's Google so you never know, they will probably have 4 of these services at some point in the future and you'll never know when or where one starts and stops. For an advertising company, Google is remarkably bad at advertising their own products.

It's really better than that. Cargo lets you specify the version of the package that you are using/used. This is a huge deal for getting something to run later and for reproducibility.

Yes, not that long ago being a Disney Imagineer was like landing a job at FAANG for your resume. A decade of hollowing out their engineering department ended that but it's still a very respectable research house for robotics, logistics, UI/UX, and a few other topics.

The common definition of racism is (from Webster but also colloquially):

"A belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race"

By broadly redefining racism in a way that removes individual agency you can declare anyone you want as racist. Then you can conveniently and selectively conflate it with the common definition to produce individual responsibility. It's a huckster tactic it's how you get things like

"I will say, I think it's strange they are asking them to admit to being racist, and "be better". It's a systemic thing, so it requires systemic change. Asking them to say they are racist and that they need to be better seems unneededly divisive."

By ensuring that the target they want is inherently racist and also individually responsible but with no possible power to change this, you can ensure an endless need for racism seminars and donations to assuage inherited guilt.

Arbitration is actually very expensive for the company but generally they can rely on the fact that most people will not utilize it for a variety of reasons. If people large scale started taking companies like this to claims it could quickly become more expensive than class action lawsuits trying to arbitrate each individual claim.

If you feel strongly against arbitration clauses, activism to get people to use them is the fastest way to kill them as the cost benefit will quickly become a negative.

You're right, I flipped the names in my head. I probably shouldn't be posting so late so I'm going to bed after this comment.

You can go a long ways with careful design and quality redrivers, but at some point it will be better to go to a retimer. Which you should use is a matter of use case and engineering decisions. Just please be skeptical of the conclusion that "Usage [of redrivers] is highly discouraged; use at own risk" from a company that specifically designs and sells retimers.

The test equipment is hundreds of thousands of dollars each and everything used for PCIe3 doesn't have the bandwidth to go to PCIe 4. The bigger companies have no problem scaling up but for smaller players it's a serious consideration. Even at satellite offices of larger companies, it can be difficult to get the capital outlay for your lab to buy something like a BERT. We're talking millions of dollars at scale. Fortunately, most of the equipment that works for PCIe4 will also work for PCIe5.

And money, and power.

A retimer is a much simpler device (thus cheaper) and can be tested using linear methods. To test a line with a redriver you really need a full on BERT system + a VNA whereas you can get by with just the VNA for the retimer. To accurately characterize PCIe Gen 4 and 5 you need to go to almost 50 GHz of bandwidth on your test equipment so you are talking big money on hardware for test, design, and validation.

Meanwhile, a redriver doubles your power budget on the driver since it literally is a second set of drivers in the middle of your PCIe line.

This is an ad from a company that sells redrivers. It's an informative ad, but still an add so it should be viewed with a critical eye.

A hundred years ago, Malaria in the United States was bad enough to warrant a dedicated government office (It was folded into the CDC after WW2). This turned into a major eradication program through the use of DDT in the 1940's and by the 1950's Malaria was effectively eliminated from the states through the decimation of the mosquito population. Mosquitoes have of course rebounded over time, but malaria has not.

Mosquito release programs like this are now several decades old and have shown high efficacy with few environmental side effects where they have been tried. It is certainly more environmentally friendly than DDT. Meanwhile, the benefits are enormous and if done successfully in Africa could be directly measured in terms of human suffering.

Real estate is exempted because it is already taxed by value at a higher rate.

Correct, they are proposing that you would be able to defer those taxes up to 10 years until your exit but I don't think it has been very well thought out.

3D printing is hype but beyond a broad assertion that it would be cheaper for high performance LRIP devices I don't feel like a case for it being better than current manufacturing techniques is made in the article. They also completely neglect the fact that you can 3D print complex sub micron structures today using a FIB (a common semiconductor tool) and the technology to do so has existed for over 30 years. It hasn't taken over yet for a reason.

This comes across as callous but it's not wrong.

More to the point, the sad state of affairs is that for many children, being in school is the only time they are well fed, have social interaction, or escape an abusive household. There is a real human cost to closing schools, just as there will be a real human cost if we open them. The question should be what are the relative costs.

The US Train system sports the only US based private security that has full arrest authority. Maritime law is a bit of a special case and falls under international treaties.

There is already a large market of jailbroken and aftermarket ECUs as well as alternative firmware for tractors because of this. If it gets popular and stays legal, people will find a way around it.

You're absolutely right and speeds to Google have gotten much faster over time. For what it's worth, I just ran a quick ping test and got 26ms average latency to google.com so I should have checked before I posted. Thanks for keeping me in check.

Still this is dependent on where you are, your ISP, other general factors, and it's still within an order of magnitude which was the point of the "quiz"

I'm taking issue with latency in general and it's dismissal. There are reams of ergonomic targets, data, and guides on user interface latency that are just completely ignored these days. A terminal is close to the simplest possible interface whose job is to provide input and output to a user with as little disruption as possible. 30 ms is in fact noticeable.

Here is a short video from Microsoft (about 10 years old now) on the experience of using a touchscreen with 100ms of delay vs 1ms showing the steps in between. The difference is extraordinary for the user even if the end result is the same. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOvQCPLkPt4

A really good typist runs around 100 words per minute. 30 millisceonds of delay vs 2 is enough that the terminal won't keep up with the person working on it. And these are TERMINALS, other software has gotten much worse in typing latency.