Obi_Juan_Kenobi

They can take either; waiting for confirmations is only a matter of reducing double-spend risk.

In practice, seconds after a transaction has been signed and broadcast, it is already very unlikely to double-spend. Miner incentives are such that the first-seen transaction is the most likely to be used. A delay of a couple seconds is sufficient to account for network-propagation lag.

You wouldn't do this for high-value transactions, but there's some threshold where real-world risk is lower than the convenience of a fast transaction, and that threshold is reasonably high.

Counterweights provide a constant force, whereas springs can be precisely balanced to the decreasing weight as the overhead door becomes more horizontal. It is inherently related to the design of segmented overhead doors.

They can write whatever they like; state law dictates how it actually proceeds.

In my state, you must start with arbitration but you have zero obligation to accept that decision and can sue regardless of outcome.

The premise is flawed because that assumes the samples they are studying are identical.

Replication is difficult, and particularly difficult for novel processes where the important variables are not well understood. It could be that the methods were reported as accurately as possible but still leave out critical detail(s).

Benthy, maize, and arabidopsis are the three major plant models. Hundreds of labs specialize in benthy, thousands more use it. It is absolutely a model by any conceivable definition of the term.

One of the primary reasons it is a model is due to transient expression in the leaves via TMV. You can quickly assay many constructs on the same plant with a simple overnight experiment.

Most people grow sweet corn in their gardens, so they won't be growing these.

There are heirloom sweet corn varieties, but they have to be cooked in minutes/hours from harvesting to remain sweet.

As far as the starchy corn, you won't get a lot of flavor difference.

What they're really after is using the structure to direct the wind and create stronger flows by the lip of the roof. This is not a new idea, but perhaps they have hit on a shroud design that works more effectively.

I have little doubt that it can produce impressive figures in very specific conditions - many designs do - but I doubt they see vastly improved real-world performance.

> efficiency of 42% of Betz limit, which is inferior to standard utility-scale turbines

That isn't surprising at all; wind generation scales very very well with larger size. If it actually achieved 42% at that size, it would still be a major innovation.

But that's also a strong claim that requires very strong evidence. The reasons for inefficiency at smaller scales are fundamental: higher drag to lift. Essentially what they're doing is using the existing building as part of the device to direct wind. This is not a new idea, and in favorable conditions you can get some impressive numbers. But in real life..

https://www.renewableenergyworld.com/storage/small-wind-turb...

It's just starting to kick in.

Most miners stuck it out to the bitter end. Hashrate was only down around 20% from the peak at the switch to PoS. Then it takes a few days to take apart the rigs and get them ready for listing. And that's only for the ones that aren't trying to mine something else, or simply are in denial.

But the main counterpoint to the GPU supply increase is the pent up demand from two years of usurious GPU pricing. A lot of people are ready to finally upgrade as soon as prices are reasonable.

Expect the market to soften - and it is, 3060ti prices are down like $40 over a couple days on eBay - but I also wouldn't expect bargain prices.

They usually undervolt/clock the GPU, but not the memory. VRAM temps can be an issue and only some miners will try to address that properly with copper shims, etc.

The 3090 is notoriously bad for mining because it has memory chips on both sides of the board, leading to more heating in one spot and poor cooling for the 'back side' chip. Other cards tolerate it much better, but it can be an issue.

So while overall mining cards should be good, there are some specific issues to watch out for. A failed memory chip is not an easy fix, requiring a reball/replacement of that chip.

In theory you could take some percentage of hydrocarbon production and store it to reach zero.

Replication is far from trivial. It's still worth pursuing, but it's easy to overlook how challenging it can be to successfully execute scientific procedures.

Labs generally specialize, as there's a long learning curve to climb before you can reliably execute even 'bedrock' molecular biology protocols like immunoassays. Small ambiguities in protocol can lead to failure, and there's always simple human error involved that can tank a result. Generally you'll have positive controls available to tell you whether a protocol was successfully executed, but there are cases where that's simply not practical.

In the end, 'failure to replicate' does not necessarily mean there was anything wrong with the original work. Positively concluding that requires a lot of additional work that could explain the discrepancy.

Depends on the card and situation. If 3060ti performance is plenty for you, how much would you expect to save on a 4050? Probably not much, and those cards won't be out until next year sometime.

For a higher end card? Yeah it could go either way.

The idea of an oppressive scientific elite is a bit too neat and tidy. Certainly there are banal human politics at play, but it's hardly an explanation for all that ails. This idea is too attractive to the heterodox and outsiders cynical of scientific institutions.

Alzheimer's research having a focus on amyloid plaques makes perfect sense in light of so much data implicating it as a mediator of the disease. It's hard to say, even in retrospect, whether this focus was warranted or not. Allocation of scarce resources is hard, and everything comes at the expense of something else. It's easy to pick out 'fringe' ideas that bore fruit and lament how hard it was for them to gain traction. But what about all those that didn't? Were we really balanced too strongly to dominant ideas, or is science simply difficult?

You simply can't address this issue with the recent success of new or fringe ideas. You'd have to do something like systematically look at proposal acceptance rate vs. some subjective measure of heterodoxy vs. ultimate success. I just don't see compelling results from something like that.

You misunderstand.

We've being doing genetics for decades. Molecular biology without mutant studies wouldn't exist. It's the foundation of the field.

All this is is a difference in scale. But it is a very crude tool; really understanding gene function involves studying it in relevant contexts. Looking at cells in tissue culture can give you some ideas or hints about how it functions, but the critical insight might require certain cell types or gene regulatory environments.

What data like these do is inform hypothesis generation and refine the interpretation of genomic data. It is important work, but does not replace doing actual biology.

What you're talking about is essentially saying we just invented molecular biology. Which is obviously not the case.

A gene is essentially defined as having a gene product, either an RNA or protein. So yes, all genes are functional.

Genes that aren't translated into protein sequences (noncoding genes) can create structural RNAs as with Ribosomes, microRNAs that have regulatory functions, etc.

There are lots of non-gene genetic elements that do things, though. Many are involved in gene regulation, affecting the transcription rates of nearby loci through a variety of mechanisms. There are also vast swaths of inactivated transposons, retroviruses, and other repetitive genetic sequence.

Forking is absolutely central to cryptocurrency. In the end, these are just rule schemes for interacting and communicating about value. If no one chooses to participate in it, it has no value. If a sufficient majority would like the rules to change, then they can simply do so.

People focus on the algorithmic aspect of cryptocurrencies, but this is simply the weedy details that enable certain properties of interaction. Nothing terribly interesting has happened here since the initial idea of using proof of work to regulate authorship of a blockchain. It is the social aspect that has been interesting to follow. Alt coins, forks, and the enduring primacy of Bitcoin.

Electricity doesn't have a thing to do with this. Maybe you're imagining those fancy Japanese toilets that sing to you.

A bidet is just a spigot with a valve. Open valve, blast ass, get clean, close. Unless you have bizarrely cold water, this is all you could ever want or need.

Hahaha you don't believe that, do you?

Mining economics depend on the mining reward. It doesn't get bigger if more people mine. The rewards just get spread out over more/larger participants until profits are tiny via difficulty adjustments.

The mining effort depends simply on the reward, and the reward is calibrated to the security needed. Bitcoin is highly secure, but the security model is essentially 1:1; if the network is secured with a billion dollars of mining effort, it will cost on the order of a billion to attack it. So it's expensive.

PoS can have a better security model, maybe 1:100 against network attackers. So you can reduce mining rewards and maintain a given security level.

Applied Science did a video playing with one.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdfHVcU8U7U

There are some significant limits on what it can analyze, but it's terrific for learning about metal alloys.

You've been hacking and building an e-bike without knowing about the largest online forum for exactly that?

EBMUD actually uses the Pardee Reservoir. But it's a trivial distinction because it's just upstream of the Camanche, both getting water from the Mokelumna watershed.

Chlorine yes, Chloramine no. You need to know what your water utility is using, and be aware that it can change from time to time. Sometimes they'll use Chlorine most of the time, but periodically use Chloramine to address parts of the network that may not get sufficient Chlorine treatment.

Sodium Metabisulfite (Campden) will reliably remove either, as will reverse osmosis.

> The Bay area has particularly nasty water

Bafflingly wrong, at least for the large majority of the Bay Area. It's Sierra runoff with very low TDS, hardness, or alkalinity.

Maybe your particular area has issues, but to generalize that to the bay area is objectively wrong.

It takes many decades for old generation to phase out, so even with a significant fraction of new capacity being solar, the total proportion will remain low.

https://cleantechnica.com/files/2020/09/Cumulative-Total-US-...

Solar capacity is increasing dramatically, but it does have limits.

Namely, solar + storage bids are only competitive in some markets. PV generation is often the cheapest source, but without storage it is not practical for many applications.

The only 'signature' one could expect is from flanking sequences. Some viruses, transposons, and bacteria leave such sequence, but it is not universal. And we're talking about organisms here, whole genomes of many mega/giga-bases vs. viruses of mere kilobases. Even knowing what to look for, it can be quite difficult: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940375/

In a lab setting, a simple restriction digest and recombination can yield a modification with no signature, or else you can generate SNPs with PCR. And you would want to, as viral genomes are so small, often with overlapping ORFs, that you don't have much room to leave a bunch of junk around.

There is no signature. What we can do is look at sequence similarity and decide how probable or improbable a given sequence combination is from the viral genome sampling available. It's a lot of handwavy Bayesian statistics, based on incomplete sampling.

It's odd that so much focus on dams is often directed at power generation, when flood and drought control is one of the primary purposes of these dams.

The Yangtze River likes to flood, and when it does, it can be highly destructive. Just last year we were seeing dramatic videos of floods from the area. But more significantly, a Yangtze flood is arguably the worst natural disaster of the 20th century:

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/yangtze-river-pe...

This dam, along with the three gorges, provide a huge amount of flood control and will dramatically alter the lives of hundreds of millions of people.

Miners are necessarily 'long' due to the capital investment in mining gear. Granted, this cost is less than the marginal electricity costs for mining, it is nevertheless significant.

The risk associated with colluding for a 51% attack, the risk of financializing such a huge short position, and the near certainty of your capital investment becoming worthless all mean that this isn't a compelling proposition.

Translation: guy said something, so now I think regulatory credits are suddenly and inexplicably without value on the market.