Here are the primary components that you would require -
1. Organic Matter: Compost and mulch enrich soil and improve structure.
2. Microorganisms: Bacteria, fungi, and mycorrhizae break down organic matter and enhance nutrient uptake.
3. Soil Fauna: Earthworms, insects, and arachnids aerate soil and mix organic matter.
4. Nutrients: Macronutrients (N, P, K) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, etc.) are essential for plant growth.
5. Soil Structure: Aggregates and porosity improve aeration and water retention.
6. Water Management: Proper irrigation and drainage ensure optimal soil moisture.