8 karma · joined April 6, 2023
I'm not well-versed on the internal implementation details of bazel's depsets, but one interesting thing about tsets that may further differentiate them is how they are integrated into the core, specifically that we try hard to never flatten them there. The main two places this comes up are: (1) when an action consumes a tset projection, the edges on the DICE graph (our incremental computation edges) only represent the direct tset roots that the action depends on, not the flattened full list of artifacts it represents and (2) when we compute the input digest merkle tree for uploading an actions inputs to RE, that generally doesn't require flattening the tset as we cache the merkle trees for each tset projection node and can efficiently merge them.
Imagine some drug that costs $100 million to develop and that the most it can earn in the market is $70 million at a price of $1000. Okay, but then the government thinks it's really important to provide, so it's going to subsidize the development to the tune of $40 million. The drug company could then spend $60 million for development and earn $70 million. Over the typical drug development and sales lifetime, that's actually a quite mediocre return, but let's not worry about that.
But wait, the government paid 40% of the development cost. Why the fuck should that company be able to charge $1000, they should only be able to charge 60% of that, they should charge $600. Well, then they are fucked because they are right back at the same equation for whether it is profitable to work on that drug.
In general, with a moment's thought, any intelligent person will realize that expecting discounts on products based on how much the development was subsidized by the government completely obviates the entire point of subsidies.
I just went to what I considered a clear counterexample, though it does have problems that it is rare (though local coffee shops and bakeries, for example, fairly regularly will provide things for free to those in need within the store exactly like they would for regular customers).
Is it wrong for universities to provide financial aid to those in need?
Would it be wrong for a city to provide subsidized public transportation? subsidized school lunches?
You can come up with other harder to decide examples. A really good one would be whether it's wrong to charge tourists and locals different amounts. On the one side, this feels unfair to the tourists, why should they have to pay more? Generally, I lean to unfair things being wrong. But, the consequences of charging them the same are, to me, much worse, especially as the means of the two become further and further apart.
In 2017, 1% of households had all sockets using LED and 71% had not a single socket using LED. 11% still had all sockets using incandescent. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=31112
If we dropped all mitigation efforts, you should expect this to infect something like 95+% of people before effectively dying out. The amount of overshoot is going to depend on how widespread the infection is.
Second, you can develop immunity without the bad effects of actually getting the disease (ya know, like a fucking vaccine). Saying that we need xx% of people to develop immunity doesn't mean that we need xx% of people to get this deadly disease.
Or read the very first part of the linked page that shows:
>>> (True == False) is False
True
>>> True == (False is False)
TrueI do not doubt you could perform this same analysis limited to tech companies and get the same result (though comparing tesla to these tech companies is rather irrationally aspirational).
Wow. That's impressive considering he was only in a phd program for two days (and that it wasn't even a physics program).