epolanski

A military coup impacts equally any system, so it's irrelevant.

And no, the numbers are very clear, presidential and semi presidential republics absolutely dominate the share of countries turning authoritarian.

Presidents do not need a majority trust of their parliament, support of their coalition nor party, as prime ministers need every single day. A PM is one vote away from having to resign, which is why those governments change much more often.

Presidents can claim popular mandate, prime ministers less so, you vote the party, which forms coalitions, not the candidate directly (albeit some parties change name to include the candidate name). This is incredibly important because it authorizes individual to do almost as they please and default to the fact that they were voted to do so.

Presidential and semi presidential republics naturally breed a personal cult that is difficult to replicate.

Mature developed countries have more to lose allowing individuals major adjustments testing their power boundaries nonstop (see this presidency in US) than to gain.

Good point, I consider it borderline as it needed the transition via constitutional reform and a popular referendum to settle it.

Physics hold great!

https://imgur.com/a/WSRTF7h

How does one achieves this?

Seems like it's been recompiled for wasm, but how was the server built and free roam multiplayer implemented?

I might be biased because I'm Polish, where the president is elected, and I hate the system compared to Germany or Italy.

A political head of state is not good imho, just ends up vetoing and doing politics instead of acting as a guardian of the constitution and institutions.

It's just a matter of "elect president from government's opposition and he's now emboldened to veto and block anything because he has popular mandate to do so".

Politicians electing the president seems a better option because they need to compromise on an individual that will allow any party to govern and be checked.

It's incredible how little respect there is for political systems that incentivize stability.

Parliamentary republics do tend to form less stable governments, but it's also true that you can really govern by compromising both with your party, allies, and opposition.

In over 50 years not a single parliamentary republic has turned authoritarian, in fact only Sri Lanka in the 70s has done so since world war 2.

Presidential and semi-presidential republics? They are all just waiting for the right person at the right time, from Turkey to Nicaragua to the Philippines to Russia, etc, etc.

I don't think any modern country should aim at anything less than boring, albeit unstable, parliamentary republics, with presidents that are not elected by popular vote (like in Germany or Italy) and have no executive power.

If your country is doing good, you likely want minor/middle steer adjustements, not radical changes at each new vote.

> Also, betting on something you have control over introduces perverse incentives. It's easier to sabotage an effort than make it succeed

That should be plain illegal, in the same way sportsmen are barred and punished for being anywhere near betting.

But we have politicians, their staff and administrations openly trading and betting on outcomes they can influence.

You make an interesting point, I think it boils down to two primary distinctions:

1. Purpose: derivatives serve primarily as risk management instruments. Gambling serves pure profit and entertainment.

2. Topics: derivatives focus financial assets, commodities and economic risk. Gambling focuses on micro, generally sports, events.

Obviously you could make an argument that both instruments can be used for both purposes.

If I'm a worker at a football team who's job depends on my team qualifying to the Uefa Champions League, betting on my team not making it can be considered risk management.

In the same fashion futures on oil prices can be equally used for pure profit and entertainment purposes.

The real issue is that every car maker tries to be as global as possible so they default to mostly safe and flat and boring designs.

And that's not just in cars but technology, furniture, lighting choices, clothing, etc, we're just converging to the same styles globally.

I don't think you'll ever see that day considering the bipartisan hawkishness against China.

I would never consider a company that's making me wait that long unless I'm desperate to put food on my table and I have no other choice.

Hence I said that operators are more readable for longer formulas.

The amount of times I've been sad that multiply or sum are longer than + or * is limited to long formulas and even then it's a non issue.

Also, functions can be used as callbacks, and offer overloads to handle partial applications with ease, pipe(2, sum(3), multiply(2)), e.g.

Luna is as great and extremely efficient at exactly what OpenAI advertises it to be good at: focused tasks, small edits, automations.

If it's used for that then using anything more powerful is just inefficient usage of your tokens.

By...whom? An ISO standard? Highly cited scientific literature?

A tinyurl pic linked by randoms over the internet?

Nobody is scapegoating anything.

I'm just stating a fact: the presence of dangerous immigrants in downtown Reggio Emilia or Modena make these cities less safe, especially for women.

Immigrants make less than 10% of the population but account for 52% of small and 74% of violent crime, while sexual harassment reaches almost 90%.

I have been assaulted twice, my SO and her friend have been, and anybody we know has a similar story.

They make locals less prone to go shopping, and as shops close it enforces the vicious cycle of people not going downtown and thus more shops closing.

You can have very large MoE models run on small amounts of ram (or vram), if you can transfer the experts you need on the fly from ram to disk.

SSDs are good, but an improved Optane would've been better.

It's the reality of most cities in northern Italy, e.g. the one my SO lives in: Reggio Emilia.

If you go out after 7 pm most of the year half the people downtown are immigrants selling drugs, doing petty crime or whistling and annoying women.

I see and live that, and have female family members and friends being assaulted by these people, and they are immigrants.

It's not a matter of skin color, but demographics.

They are young, male, unemployed and from a different culture, they are more prone to decaying and aggressive behavior. But it's a fact, they make the cities less safe and they dominate the stats in petty and violent crimes.

I'm not sure what government has to do with it, it doesn't set the price of rents.

Rents do get progressively lower in distressed areas because they are distressed, and higher in high demand ones, but that's not enough when less customers are entering your shops anyway.

The harsh reality is that more often than not the shops don't add much value over ordering online and having it delivered. Of course there are exceptions, but even then malls are more convenient and have easier parking.

Progress will unavoidably kill more and more physical shops, but this has huge cons: cities are emptier and more dangerous.

In the average European mediterranean city shops provide lights, vibe, safety.

As people feel less secure, because it's getting dark at 5-6 pm half the year (the time people usually leave work) and shops are closed, they also go downtown less accelerating the death of other businesses.

And the only people on the streets are either those returning home, drunks, or immigrants doing god knows what. And this progressive decay accelerates. The only shops left are then bought en masse by foreign entrepeneurs, often working the place with their families 16 hours per day to squeeze pennies.

Any random downtown in Italy bar the most touristic places that have people all year suffers of this, even major centers (100k+ citizens).

Which is why everybody buys tokens from Amazon or Microsoft or Google, not anthropic or OpenAI.

Because you already have your BI and mails on these providers.

Many companies are figuring this out.

DS 4.1 flash 1017 is June's sota at such low pricing it doesn't matter how many tokens you're using.

My mid size German client (100M revenue) is also moving lots of work to on premise LLMs.

I have no clue how do the lunatics think there's any moat in models.

All masculine names in Italian that end with -a come from Jews, old testament, with the exceptions of Enea and Nicola.

The other tech companies have such a thin and easy to vaporize moat too?

Because we're just waiting for the world to find out that they can spend 1/10th and get virtually the same results.

Open source models are now 1/100th in price per task of US sota from this summer...

So is SpaceX but markets don't care.

Also, anthropic has no real moat, LLMs are a commodity.

Another thing to add, eastern Europe has comparable talent to western one and US, but a smaller budget.

That made eastern Europeans excel in sciences that needed a smaller budget (e.g. electro chemistry is much cheaper than photonics).

It's not a mystery, artificial intelligence ranks opus exactly as 1/8 to 1/4th cheaper.

No they are not, why would you think that, they are bundling Gemini in their suite and millions of professionals use it as it's already part of their Gmail, docs, etc.

Literally all my non tech friends are writing Gemini gems or using notebooklm, with a minority on copilot.