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This is exactly what you can do with VEEAM. You can even set your backup strategy to continious integration. As soon as one backup up for the virtual machine is done another incremental will be created; with minimal impact on I/O performance. To save backup-disk-space you may want to enable deduplication in VEEAM.

When you browse you backups you can choose from the available backups and you can open and browse the complete file system at this specific date and time. You can restore one or more specific files or directories directly back to the origin destination or copy & paste them to a different location on any target. You also can start the entire VM directly from backup at this state in an isolated environment to access the system as a working machine. There are tons and tons of more features inside this backup solution.

We run this solution in our office and for most of our customers with virtualized environments. There is even a free version of veeam that lacks datacenter features but you can backup your VMs.

Our usual backup intervals between 8a.m. and 9p.m. is 2 hours. We ensure to have about 5 to 8 restore points during work ours.

So you will have to choose the Tuesdays version of the file at a specific time.

You may want to give it a try if you're running ESXi or Hyper-V.

1.) VEEAM for VMware or Hyper-V does this job. You can access restore points at a specific point of time. 2.) Never saw a file-diff tool implemented in a backup software. You may only have backup logs for your incremental backups about the size, duration, etc. If that's what you meant by view changelogs of a backup file.

For further information about the atmospheric test years topic I'd recommend the movie 'Trinity and Beyond' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqaq59whOa0). It's build upon declassified military material. Years: 1945 to 1963, Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.

Finding good and solid information about the russian test program is very hard. There's no "complete" documentation about the whole programm. Most documentaries focus on the ~50MT device the USSR built and detonated.