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galadran

2,088 karma · joined April 16, 2016

[ my public key: https://keybase.io/galadran; my proof: https://keybase.io/galadran/sigs/fdhOgcmCp1kEKwClfElrV_dviWozxDM2n24qkisFN1U ]
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galadran··on The Performance Cost Of Spectre/Meltdown/Foreshadow Mitigations On Linux
I guess we know why Intel tried on that benchmarking restriction. Serving static content from Nginx is a 22% drop on Intel, a 7% drop on AMD. That's huge for cloud providers!
galadran··on WireGuard VPN review: A new type of VPN offers serious advantages
That does look a lot better, however:

a) its not supported by the stable release

b) There are no claims about downgrade resistance. The manual specifies the new transport protocol is used if both clients support it and both have changed their configs to enable experimental mode. Can an attacker still force them to connect with legacy mode?

c) Users have to ensure every single config on every client has the correct setting.

d) It still doesn't have the identity hiding features of Wireguard. (Someone observing your network traffic can see which servers you are talking to from the transmitted signatures)

galadran··on WireGuard VPN review: A new type of VPN offers serious advantages
tinc is not a secure choice! Have you seen their documentation?

https://www.tinc-vpn.org/documentation/Security.html#Securit...

The default cipher is from 1993 and its creator recommends everyone updates.

32 bit MACs are hilariously tiny.

Home rolled authentication based around RSA.

Their own documentation even states: ”tinc’s security is not as strong as TLS or IPsec."

DO NOT USE tinc!

galadran··on WireGuard VPN review: A new type of VPN offers serious advantages
I think you've misunderstood. This setup is not insecure.

Wireguard authenticates (or drops) any packets forwarded by udptunnel. Once a packet leaves the Wireguard interface the attacker (or anyone else) can transform it however they like without impacting security properties.

This config does allow the attacker to make a TCP handshake to the server, but the data they send over the TCP wrapped connection could have equally been sent to the UDP port Wireguard is listening on.

Disclaimer: This of course assumes both Wireguard and udptunnel have no remote code exploits or other implementation errors. However, as we discussed, this is a much safer assumption than OpenVPN...

galadran··on WireGuard VPN review: A new type of VPN offers serious advantages
Oh man! If only there was a way to take UDP packets and tunnel them over TCP! Wait a second!

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/udptunnel.1....

Setup Wireguard on your server as though everything were normal. However, on the server, run this command (as a service):

udptunnel -s 443 127.0.0.1/51820

Then on your client run:

udptunnel -c [SERVER-ADDR]/443 127.0.0.1 51818

In the Client's Wireguard Config, where you would normally specify the server's address / port. Instead specify 127.0.0.1 51818. Finished!

Don't forget to open the firewall on the server's port 443!

Setting up udptunnel as a systemd service to auto start / restart only involves writing two short files! Wireguard uses a standard service file as well so you can simply require the udptunnel service as a prerequisite!

Personally, I find this style of combining simple components much more satisfying (and secure!) than the gargantuan complexity of OpenVPN/IPSec! Wireguard's simplicity means it is easy to have a mental model around how it functions and how it can be composed!

galadran··on Ask HN: How do you backup your files without depending on a third party service?
I have a 4TB Hard Drive attached to an OpenWRT router (Rasberry Pi's are also a popular choice). The router exposes a locked down SSH port (SFTP only) through a cheap $5 a month VPS.

I also use Jottacloud [1] who provide unlimited (yes unlimited) storage for 7.5 EUR a month. Based in Norway, they keep an up to date warrant canary.

Client side, I backup to both of these services using Duplicati [2] which offers client side encryption, block level deduplication and excellent integration with Jottacloud and SFTP. For synchronisation, I use Syncthing [3] since I don't want to expose plaintext documents to Jottacloud. All in all, I'm very pleased and it has required no maintainence since I set it up a year ago.

[1] https://www.jottacloud.com/en/

[2] https://www.duplicati.com/

[3] https://syncthing.net/

galadran··on The European Commission versus Android
A pretty well written analysis. I think the author is mistaken on two important points though.

The author writes that due to Google Play Services, most Android apps are in fact Google Play apps and couldn't be used on a non-Google version of Android without a significant rework. I believe there's already a significant body of work on providing drop in replacements for Google Play Services, e.g. microG [1]. There is nothing that stops a manufacturer from providing microG instead of Play Services and hence cutting Google out.

Secondly, the author complains that:

> More broadly, the European Commission continues to be a bit too cavalier about denying companies — well, Google, mostly — the right to monetize the products they spend billions of dollars at significant risk to develop.

There's a huge rift in how most Europeans and Americans see the role of regulators but without getting into that, I want to note Android was not Google's effort alone and hardly a significant risk. Android as a software stack is built on the back of the Linux Kernel and a dozen other open source frameworks (Java, sqlite etc). Equally, Google is hardly responsible for the hardware. Manufacturer's like HTC and Samsung invested far more in making Google a success than Google did. The same manufacturers that Google has been screwing over with its anti competitive practices...

[1] https://microg.org/

galadran··on Cloudflare, Mozilla, Fastly, and Apple Working on Encrypted SNI
This design only requires the hosting server (e.g. Cloudflare, CDN, ...) to support encrypted SNI. It can be entirely transparent to user deployed servers. So it might well be here much sooner than you think!
galadran··on European regulators reject latest proposal by ICANN over its Whois data service
I can explain it simply to you. Only the personal data of flesh and blood human beings is protected. So contact info is protected if it is the direct email of a human being. If its a huge faceless corporation and the email is just "legal@.." it is not protected. Saavy?

Well its certainly beneficial for privacy. There are very few social media sites in the world where publishing other people's contact details without their permissions is allowed. Its banned here. Its banned on Reddit. And a ton of other sites. There is really very little difference.

How would you feel if all HN submitters had to list a personal phone number? Why is running a website any different?

galadran··on European regulators reject latest proposal by ICANN over its Whois data service
Did you read the letter [1] that was linked in the article? It is much less hyperbolic than the article makes out.

Paraphrased:

Yes, of course you can keep registration data for your own legitimate usage. Contact information for the lifetime of the domain is fine.

Storing it for 2 years after expiry is not necessarily problematic, but you need to document why you legitimately need it.

You can't make private contact information public without consent.

However, you can disclose it to 3rd parties who make a legitimate request, but you should record the request.

[1] https://regmedia.co.uk/2018/07/05/edpb-icann-whois.pdf

galadran··on Oxy – A Security Focused Remote Access Tool
The Noise framework (and Wireguard) deliberately support the combination of psk and public key authentication. One clear benefit is that you get redundancy against a failure in either mode. If your DH implemention is broken, the attacker still has to compromise your shared secret. Alternatively if the attacker compromises your shared secret, they still have to break your public key crypto. In short, its an excellent hedge against user or implementor error.

Less tangibly, it can prevent an adversary from recording your traffic now, waiting until Quantum Computers are practical, breaking your public key crypto and reading your messages.

Sure, you can't just slap both modes together and claim the adversary has to break both, some care is involved, but it absolutely isn't strange at all.

tl;dr there are plenty of good reasons to use a combination of modes. Both Noise and Wireguard have built on support for strengthening public key crypto with psks.

galadran··on How an Engineering Company Chose to Migrate to D
> Nowadays, whenever D is publicly evaluated, the younger languages Go and Rust are often brought up as alternatives. Here, we need not go into an in-depth comparison of these languages because both Rust and Go lack one feature that we rely on heavily: nested functions with access to variables in their enclosing scope.

Maybe I've misunderstood, but aren't Rust's closures [1] exactly what the author is describing? Specifically, you can capture variables from the environment into functions.

[1] https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/first-edition/closures.html

galadran··on Show HN: Trackless - A GDPR-Friendly Google Analytics Opt-In Button
> Consent requires a positive opt-in. Don’t use pre-ticked boxes or any other method of default consent.

[...]

> You must ask people to actively opt in. Don’t use pre-ticked boxes, opt-out boxes or other default settings.

Source:

https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-the-general-da...

galadran··on Google changes its messaging strategy again: Goodbye to Allo, double down on RCS
No end to end encryption = no interest.

If I use this to communicate with a business (or person!), the carrier can read every word. No thanks.

Hell. You can't even download the standards documents without giving GSMA a name and address and consenting to receive promotional material...

galadran··on Brass and lead toxicity in midrange espresso machines
This report looks to have examined the same question in the EU and seems less alarmed:

https://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2015/09/978-87-93352-...

galadran··on Show HN: SeKey: An SSH Agent for OS X, Using Secure Enclave and TouchID, in Rust
Admittedly its less of a risk with your SSH keys than with say your bitcoin wallet. (There's a clear economic incentive there and most bitcoin hardware wallets have pretty low levels of assurance).

But nonetheless, the number of people who are security conscious enough to lock their keys into their hardware, but not worried about malicious hardware seems quite limited.

galadran··on Show HN: SeKey: An SSH Agent for OS X, Using Secure Enclave and TouchID, in Rust
I'm amazed there's a market for this kind of thing. Since the 1990s its been known how to implement an undetectable backdoor in hardware based crypto which leaks your keys to an attacker.

E.g. http://paper.ijcsns.org/07_book/201006/20100623.pdf details how to do it for Elliptic Curves. But its been studied since https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F3-540-69053-...

The tl;dr is that any device in which you can't check the implementation or get the private key out (i.e. Secure Enclave, TPM etc), can leak your key to a passive attacker in a way that you provably can't detect.

galadran··on Legal Controls on Extreme End-To-End Encryption
Well this article gave me a good laugh. Poor dinosaur.
galadran··on Ask HN: Xray cost – USA $200 (13000 INR), India 1000 INR – what causes 10x diff?
More appropriate comparison would be to the UK where the cost of a private dental X-ray is between £9-£14 ($14-$22) [1], although realistically you would want a consultation as well. Most Brits use the NHS (state socialised) which provides a checkup and treatment for ~£20 for simple cases including x-rays [2]. Note that [2] is costs for an entire treatment which might be multiple visits and laboratory work.

[1] http://www.whatclinic.com/dentists/uk/x-ray [2] http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Healthcosts/Pages/Dentalcosts.a...

galadran··on Breaking into 1Password, KeePass, LastPass and Dashlane
Pretty misleading!

They test an old version of Keepass with an old KDF (they recently switched to Argon2 which is much more resistant to GPU/ASIC attacks. Additionally KeepassDroid is intended to use vaults synched to the device via Google Drive, Dropbox or whatever, so having the vault in private storage makes no sense!

galadran··on UK has best health system in developed world, US analysis concludes
https://pastebin.com/ibZM0C8Q

Some of the data from the Appendix on Equality pulled out. The difference between countries is quite astounding!

galadran··on UK has best health system in developed world, US analysis concludes
Still one better than the US though.
galadran··on European leaders call for open access to all scientific papers by 2020 (2016)
The UK is already (getting) there. UK Universities are assessed by the "Research Excellence Framework" (REF). In order for work output (i.e. papers) to be considered by REF, final peer reviewed papers must be deposited into an open access repository within 3 months of acceptance.

Source: http://openaccess.ox.ac.uk/next-ref/

galadran··on No Man's Sky sued over procedural generation algorithm patent
Why should video codecs be patentable? I'm well aware they are currently but it seems ludicrous that you can patent the performance of a sequence of mathematical operations.
galadran··on TeamViewer denies hack after PCs hijacked, PayPal accounts drained
From looking at the Reddit "master thread", everybody reporting they were hacked reports 2FA disabled. Everybody reporting no hack reports 2FA enabled.

Sounds like reused passwords!

galadran··on Justin Trudeau explains the basics of quantum computing to reporters
Note: This explanation is FAR from precise and is only trying to give an intuition

The key point is that qubits aren't limited to finite "multiple values", they can express an uncountable number of values. The best "short" answer is that a qubit can exist in a superposition (QM Term) of states. LOOSELY put it can have a probability of being a 0 and a probability of being 1 (with both probabilities adding to 1). This ability to encode information as the probability is the key to quantum computing.

When you measure (QM Term) the qubit, it takes on either the value 0 or 1 according to the probabilities you set it up with. This is computationally useful because with clever constructions you can make these probabilities meaningful.

For example Grover's Algorithm allows you to search an unsorted database for a particular item in O(sqrt(N)) time rather than the classical best O(N). The algorithm is successful with very high probability, note that because it uses the probabilistic nature of qubits, it itself can only be probabilistically correct, it just so happens you can make the probability of error very low (in theory lower than the chance your classical computer has a bit flip or similar)

The unfortunate restriction on QC is that you need enough qubits to encode your problem, if you can't hold the database in your "qubit memory" then you can't perform algorithm. In practice, building systems of qubits is extremely difficult and the current record is about 1000 as of 2015 I believe.

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