Sorry, I confused it with CanSino.
383 karma · joined April 16, 2017
True. It depends on which specific antibody you look for, and how.
Here's a recent cohort study:
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Persist for up to 13 Months and Reduce Risk of Reinfection https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.21256823v...
"Here, we longitudinally measured Spike (S) and Nucleocapsid (N)-specific antibodies in 1,309 healthcare workers (HCWs), including 916 COVID-19 negative HCWs and 393 convalescent COVID-19 for up to 422 days post-symptom. ... Overall, 69 SARS-CoV-2 infections developed in the COVID-19 negative group (incidence of 12.22 per 100 person-years) versus one in the COVID-19 positive group (incidence of 0.40 per 100 person-years), indicating a relative reduction in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection of 96.7% (p<0.0001)."
Of course, these antibodies <--> protection studies are a bit of streetlamp effect phenomenon. Antibodies are relatively easy to measure so that's what immune endurance studies tend to check for. The relative risk of reinfection in real-world settings is the more robust measure.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positivity protects against reinfection for at least seven months with 95% efficacy https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5...
from
Yes. See
'Why the IOM recommendations for vitamin D are deficient' authored by two of the committee members who drafted the first IOM recommendation in 1997 @ https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jbmr....
" But further investigation was needed because observational studies couldn’t establish a causal link between blood vitamin D levels and COVID-19. The challenge in establishing a causal link arises because blood vitamin D levels are influenced by multiple factors including genetics, exposure to sunlight, diet and supplements, and are associated with other risk factors for COVID-19, the researchers said.
“We were trying to get at the part of the variation in vitamin D that’s genetic and leave aside the rest to see whether or not there’s an association with the risk of getting COVID-19,” Cassano said. “And when we do it that way, we find no association, and that’s telling.”"
This was covered in early access here: https://www.reddit.com/r/COVID19/comments/kzy3bb/no_evidence...
But dissemination of one by a govt. scientist in a prominent medical journal, however, indicates that they think it likely enough to be true.
Fauci didn't think so in 1983.
"But if ''nonsexual, non-blood-borne transmission is possible, the scope of the syndrome may be enormous,'' writes Dr. Fauci of the National Institutes of Health in an editorial to be published Friday in the Journal of the American Medical Association."
https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/06/us/family-contact-studied...
Protection of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to that of BNT162b2 vaccine protection: A three-month nationwide experience from Israel https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.21255670v...
All of these countries require a recent negative test prior to arrival. The Central Asian countries show inflection at pretty much the same time, barring Uzbekistan which is a week late. However, India has a lot more relative traffic going on with Sri Lanka and they and Maldives, both South of India, inflected a whole month later.
Look at the countries in the vicinity of India; they all show similar rise at around the same time.
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/pakistan/#...
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/bangladesh...
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/sri-lanka/...
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/maldives/#...
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/iran/#grap...
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/kazakhstan...
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/azerbaijan...
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/uzbekistan... ...
COVID is seasonal: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.28.21252625v...
Mumbai had the peak of its 'first wave' on October 7th. See mobility trends for vehicular and pedestrian traffic at https://covid19.apple.com/mobility. You'll see both monotonically increasing as the peak approaches and then recedes. If this were a simple morality tale of the level of social contact, this wouldn't be the case.
See this paper for a more thorough look at the epidemiological mysteries of an infectious respiratory disease: https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-42...
No, they are not. See table 1 of https://www.orfonline.org/research/air-pollution-delhi-filli... - it hit a low point in October, but was much better during lockdown and relatively better post-lockdown although trending towards worse levels.
The level of air pollution affects the duration of suspension of bioaerosols as well as the performance of the innate immune system. Low humidity is also linked to higher transmission.
See
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.21249249v... https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.20215236v... https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.07.20057216v...
See https://postimg.cc/Xpn7hthc
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Delhi looks more severely affected, likely due to its air pollution. See https://aqicn.org/city/delhi/
The fear factor causes many of those with means to insist on hospitalization. This article talks about it in the context of celebs [1] but I've seen it among my relatives as well where healthy young adults with moderate/high Ct values are admitted on insistence of their parents or themselves.
I read similar reporting about self-arranged oxygen use as well.
[1]: https://www.timesnownews.com/mumbai/article/mumbai-film-star...
After could be as early as 1st July 2021.
https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-astrazene...
This is begging the question.
> Because of the selection effect, you could have a higher variant prevalence compared to regular COVID-19 in the vaccinated population
They are measuring the prevalence of the variant between vaccinated and control groups of similar size, not the share of variants within the vaccinated groups.
It says,
"The study, released on Saturday, compared almost 400 people who had tested positive for COVID-19, 14 days or more after they received one or two doses of the vaccine"
and
"The companies said on April 1 that their vaccine was around 91% effective at preventing COVID-19"
COVID-19 is the disease whereas testing checks for presence of portions of the virus. The Phase III clinical trials looked for symptomatic infection. Without details on the clinical progression of the vaccinated who tested positive, there's nothing to see here.
Also,
"But among patients who had received two doses of the vaccine, the variant’s prevalence rate was eight times higher than those unvaccinated - 5.4% versus 0.7%."
This indicates that if the immune system is primed to identify a certain variant, its performance is hindered as opposed to a naive immune system.
The actual paper is at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.21254882v... From what I can tell, the median age of the fully vaccinated is 61 and 46 for the unvaccinated. (table 1). And the comparison for the SA variant is between 8 in the former vs 1 in the latter. Sensationalist reporting.
Turnover/churn. If a Q/A site allowed basic questions then the site would be flooded with them since the population of novices greatly exceeds sophomores or experts. Moderation would need to keep up with silo-ing these Qs into the 'novice area' you propose. Experts would need to sift more to get to the interesting, challenging or novel Qs if moderation can't keep up, which might affect the retention of these users, thus diminishing the resource pool available on the site.
To me it's clear that tact and grace is called for, and is currently mostly missing, when directing askers of basic Qs to existing answers, whether on- or off-site but there is such a thing as tragedy of the commons. Some stewardship and curation is required to maintain an acceptable SNR.
in normal mode, calculates a (weighted) measure of the variance in pixel values.
in diff mode, calculates a (weighted) measure of the variance in differences of pixel count between two neighbouring values (if 800 pixels have value 112 and 1400 pixels have value 113, then the (abs) difference is 600)
Batteries and bikeshedding on the Devel ML not included...
Typically, this is because these questions are a minor (cosmetic or trivial) variation* of an question asked many times already, and usually addressed in the docs. Search results aren't likely to put this question at the top of results, so the aim is to resolve the OP's need.
*so technically not a duplicate.