scantis

Let's say like in this article 100000 times or 1000000 the level allowed in drinking water for PFAS. Let's say the safe level of PFAS is around 2 ppt or 0.002 ng/L for drinking water. Let's multiply this with an additional 1000, to avoid micro unit here and assume our "safe" level is 2ng/L. Which sounds a lot, assuming that 20 ng/ml in blood is considered bad, this means drinking 10000000 liters of water or only 10000 tons of water, would be the beginning of bad. (Multiply with an additional 1000 to get the real number). Safe levels are safe levels for a reason.

For pesticides we are looking at 0.2 mg /L or 2 mg/ L, depending on the huge multiplication in the beginning and our additional 1000 fudge factor.(divide by 1000 to get the real number) Now let's assume we spray the whole orchid with 1000 liters of pesticide, that is 0.2 to 2 g of PFAS for an whole orchid.(divide by 1000 to get the real number)

Let's assume the orchid produces millions of oranges and each school child gets one a day, contaminated dangerous PFAS oranges. Assuming the whole plant is sprayed and the peel is washend and not even consumed, will it even be possible to detect PFAS inside the orange? I seriously doubt this.

On the other hand, waterproofing the shoes of a single child with PFAS using around 10 g of spray will contaminate a single school beyond any produce sprayed with pesticides on the outside. We all did that, for decades.

I'm not saying we shouldn't care about PFAS in pesticides and we shouldn't ban thoose. But we used them a lot and they called forever chemicals for a reason. Everything is contaminated with them forever. You find them everywhere in miniscule concentrations. Probably anything you consume contains PFAS only a few decades below the detection limit.

I don't know much about organic produce, but this type of panik article is quite common and usually damaging to the cause of removing a chemical from the production process. One can contaminate a complete organic farm, with a single spray can of waterproof 10000000 times the safe level.

Definitely frame theory in linear algebra. It is part of linear algebra, so you already mentioned it. I wasn't taught this in university and found it later. At first I understood much of nothing and it looked really complicated and convoluted.

After getting my head around it is just everywhere. Sometimes I wonder if we actually have another big trick.

Real time with DFT is a bit sketchy. Just view it as a matrix vector multiplication. The vector is the sampled signal at discrete time steps of equal spacing, the matrix is the DFT of fixed size.

You need to fill your vector before the multiplication. This time needs to pass. You might shift it by just one value in time to create a sliding DFT, but nonetheless you will need to sample your time vector first.

The length of each chunk is fixed by the size of the DFT.

Let's say it is 1 millisecond long, each sample is 1 microsecond spaced, so it has a length of 1000. You may then create a spectrogram that captures 1 millisecond and then advances by 1 microsecond every step and this will be as close as real time as you can get.

The initial delay of your analysis vector, then advancing by one sample, plus all the time you need for the calculations included cause a delay. Although this is sometimes called real time DFT. Since you may observe the change in the signal basically in real time, but after some delay.

It is always done in chunks. Hope this helps.

It will be a bit difficult, you may have to avoid the natural amphetamines and some of the stimulants. The German gingerbread contained them aswell, all store bought gingerbread had to change the classical recipe.

There are lots of instant chai available and you can order chai in some places, but mostly it's heavy on the cinnamon and tastes watered down.

I had a similar thing with vietnamese coffee. It's a different type of roast and the beans are a bit fatty. You drink it cold with condensed milk. I can't get these beans here, as they are import restricted, due to them being to wet. Which is an older storage law, to avoid spoiling, you can't get around easily.

Maybe it is something like that, that is keeping us from getting the good stuff here.

I think chai is bread in India. I was in the outskirts of Varanasi over a decade ago, no ATM was working for me and I had no cent to my name. I had a nice prepaid cap driver, who didn't seem bothered by this and brought me to a place where they made small clay pots from the dirt, cured them over fire and filled it with chai coming from a big iron pot. One guy made the pots, another cured them, one was filling the cured cups and another skimmed solids from the top of the pot into another container. The price was 10 rupees and the driver paid and welcomed me to India. Basically just 3 sustaining sips. I was baffled by it. There was long cue of people waiting for their chai, he told me it was a meal for those people. Doesn't seem sanitary but it was fine and is a drink I still have dreams about.

It is not just milk boiled with the spices that are at hand and some tea leaves. It is real sustinace for a lot of people far below the poverty line. A thick and savory muddy looking liquid, rich in calories and it makes shitty situations somehow fine.

You can not quite have it like that in the west, the combination of aniseed and other spices even create tiny amounts of amphetamines, so it packs a little more punch then just caffeine.

It's never quite as thick or flavourful in the west and probably contains no further stimulants except caffeine. So it will be much more boring here and probably way overpriced.

I tried to make it myself, but it was never any good. Even in India some chai is worse then the other. The dirt cheap ones people hand out in trains can be way better then the ones in a 4 star hotel.

Their advantage is just dwindling quickly. Asking to pause the development of anything more powerful as the own product.

The audacity of it.

Check out EXCEL induced genome renaming.

Like the northern star, a refusal to waiver under any persuasion.

Expectation to a substance is the key to addiction. When you drink an alcohol free beer or wine you will feel a little exhilaration. This effect fastly fades when expectation and substance synchonise again.

It is possible, that your expectations and what it actually does don't match anymore. So one looks for another rush, but the expectation will be still out of balance and will not give you the effect you are hoping for. In your memories the substance is already glorified and can not produce what surprised you before. Even with the same substance or higher doses.

Not to say that there are great stimulants or something out there that might help you. Just some food for thought.

Good luck

I enjoy how you couldn't get if I had these problems, that somehow normalizes it all. Thank you. I really try to not be condescending about it and to be a smart person. I will try the "Glad I could help".

Others made good points here too, really made me think. Thank you all.

Let me throw in: signal detection and estimation by Murat Barkat

I stumbled across it, love it, very hands down and clear with focus on practical engineering problems.

Remixing, taking multiple Innovation and gluing them together, e.g. candle-light fast food.

Combining innovations e.g. fork chopsticks.

Transfer, e.g cement mixing in non-stick kitchen tools.

Stealing and improving, e.g. offering the same thing in a different color.

Well it usually goes like this:

Excelling the degree > passing it barely > not starting the program > switching > quitting > failing

Generally quit before you fail, but if you quit it would have been better not to have persued it in the first place.

A master's degree can be leveraged to receive more pay or higher positions. Being failed in an educational program barrs you from taking that educational route again. A future employer might want to improve you, not having the option is obviously bad. Hiring a quitter is also not ideal, because everyone knows it is a soft form of a fail and improvement is unlikely.

Ultimately, it doesn't matter at all and you can do whatever you want. It is your life and your choice. Also you don't have to disclose it to your future employer. With a bachelor in hand you can go very far.

What helped me with my inferiority complex was realizing everyone else only appears to be competent and is blinded and overwhelmed by the simplest things.

For me it is kind of normal to skim through a manual or a documentation to understand what I'm working with. Nobody seems to do this. It made me outstanding in many cases, a true magician. I don't think I'm very smart, but I'm often refered to as "the expert".

At one point you suddenly realize everyone is just doing the bare minimum und tries to get through whatever project with the least amount of resistance. Their scope is usually what is in front of them and what they are working on. Basics are quickly forgotten and what you can set up in day puzzles others for months.

It is so easy to be useful, just stick to your ability and expand them slowly. Everything is a process and everyone is struggling at first. Accept this and try to help with much care. Just installing some driver, writing a parser for MS Excel or other things that seem so simple or redundant are of great help to others. You be amazed what little skill you need to be "the expert". Mostly passion, interest and embracing the struggle on your own feet.

There is no top of society. You can choose to be helpful or be a dick who orders people around and laughs at their misery, when they struggle with the simple things.

We all stress out so easily and the hurdles we need to overcome are extremely difficult, until they are somehow not. You won't believe it, some people struggle to set up some IDE for a few days and then produce the most amazing code.

Live in the space, where you can explain the obvious. For most the obvious can not be explained and you are an idiot for asking. The former makes you "the expert", the latter makes you unbearable.

Apparently inflation is measured with a consumer price index, which represents some predefined basket of consumer goods.

One could define a coupon, that may be exchanged for said basket and it would be an inflation stable currency, right?

The obvious problem is that most of the goods are perishable. Most coupons that I can think of are only valid for fixed period of time. Also each nation has a different basket and inflation. The entity issuing such coupons doesn't really gain from them. Contents of the basket change over time...

But hey, maybe a CPI basket coin will be created and will be exchangable to a standard measure of inflation. Who knows.

Well meat profits most from subsedies since it is the last in the chain. I think it is not as simple, we would throw a lot more food away without our animals. Sure there is room to optimize and improvement. The city of Wien has an overproduction of fresh baking good that exceeds three times the needed amout. It is then reprocessed to animal food instead of being thrown away, which is a good thing but keeps prices down.

So not as simple as one would think...

If any of the planet saving meat substitute promises are true, such a fake meat patty would cost a tenth of the beef equivalent and it would dominate the market.

I read somewhere you would need 25 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of beef, ergo one could potentially produce 25 times the amount of substitute. Obviously that isn't true and such a patty is a specialized product of various highly processed plant matter. It is around 2-4 times the price of meat equivalent and to me it is no surprise, that people aren't willing to pay more for an inferior product.

Now people say, well if we all had bought it, mass production would already reduced the price significantly. I don't think people are paying new cooking methods and food processing reactors here.

There are more people involved, more complex ingredients, more processes, more shipping and more energy. That is why it is much more expensive.

Right... And resizing a jpg to lower resolution isn't actually taking the original jpg, but a "sample" free of copyright. When you also go so far to mirror the image, it is practically a new creation. Applying some filter and changing the colors, maybe removing the background... well you can glue anything together in photoshop and is basically a remix. That is something completely new, loosely based on something found somewhere online right?

But where exactly is the line in the sand? Reshape, resize, +1 on color map? When have I infringed on a copyright of a picture?

I would argue as soon as the diffusion model has comercial use, royalties are due for the original creators. In any case the data set has to be cited properly.

Otherwise it is piracy, which is very very cool, if you don't make money of it.

Scamming people with their guilty conscience, either for money or control, while actually doing nothing significant.

Interesting hypothesis. The person interacting with it, has another train of thought and might find the answers more appealing or clever, then somebody else who is reading the conversation later on.

Since it just extends your inputs and broadens them out in a nice language, maybe you are more swoon by it. It could be some kind of focus selective perception effect, when it keys on your input and your mind stays on topic.

I haven't interacted with chat gpt and only read conversation of others and it doesn't seem very special or marvelous to me so far.

Absolutely necessary. For smaller projects and test setups I repurpose old laptops as controllers. They just control some measurement devices and collect data. They all get a single sticker on the outside and a cool nickname.

Without a funky sticker nobody would know they are from me. Some have older windows versions to use with older equipment.

They become humanized this way and people treat them with respect and don't throw them away.

You say it yourself, it is trained on stack, which is advancing everyday with fresh information. While the transformer is trained once and stays the same, until there is a new version.

If it is better and more polite than stack, that would be great, but how would it ever progress beyond?

Will we get pages, where people discuss how it got stuff wrong?

Will stack improve a lot to question that the transformer can't answer satisfactory? Wouldn't that be really great? It would move the content creation to the most freshes areas of information and make it even more valuable and insanely specific.

Something truly feels off with this, this is some sort of contradiction. I don't see it replacing it's own training data or improving upon it.

Let's wait and see in a few years. I guess stack will be fine and the transformers will find their place as mediocre tutors and secretaries.

It is very much depending on the topic. What usually works well for me with technical stuff is just doing the thing. Write a little program, play with it, crash it and repeat.

For supposedly superficial knowledge and mathematics etc. the good old presentation is very helpful for me. At the moment you try to condense and present it, everything changes. What was obvious or clear becomes difficult to tell and this are the bridges that will help a lot later.

To quote one of my professors in loose translation. "I don't know much about that topic yet, maybe I should make a lecture for it."

Retention by creating course material is quite powerful and can be very deep.

We still need it, as the damaging UV light isn't fully blocked just mostly absorbed. Most of the UV-C light is blocked, which can cause serious damage. Then there is UV-B and UV-A. They all can cause sunburn and some of it will still reach the surface.

The desity of the ozone layer is also dependent on many parameters and not homgenous. You still have different exposure szenarious, depending on altitude and geographic location.

We could use less and hopefully see much less skin cancer in the coming decades.

From second hand I pesonally would prefer Intel. AMD are usually less expensive when purchased new, but offer less safety features in regards of overheating, overclocking and other abuse. Intel's are guarded casual consumer products and I would assume there is more Intel out there, that has seen little use and should run sturdy for years to come. Buying second hand the chance the processor has been driven hard is maybe less likely for Intel. The advantage you have with AMD being cheaper shrinks in the second hand market. There is also just more Intel out there.

AMD traditionally offers more power for less money and you can also fiddle with it a lot. I destroyed multiple AMD processors. There are just more tools to mess with AMD and it is so much fun. They advanced a lot in reliability.

As others have pointed out, it is much more complicated.

Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc

They already try to sell it as a subscription. So you don't pay for the lightbulb itself, but for the service that there is light. It is kind of a ridiculous concept for private customers. There have been some Phillips light bulbs with an app and subscription, that supposedly achieve this. I don't know what happened to it, but was in sheer disbelief, when it was explained to me. There are some other companies, which offer something similar. It may make sense for big installations, that change quite often and I certainly would subscribe to some Christmas led light installation for some time.

But having ones home light based on a subscription and not actually owning it, is very strange to me.

Would you say that university and school aren't inherently delayed gratification? No matter the topic, you study for a while, then do your examination. This process has a delay, there is lots of learning and teaching on the way to end in a gratification in form of a diploma.

This applies to science as much as it applies to sports or any skill for that matter.

Traveling the world is also like that. You have to take you trip, get on a journey and finally arrive at some place, that maybe is worth it all. Delay, effort and then gratification. Simple as going to the beach and packing everything you need beforehand. Even cleaning up the flat so you can just have a shower and fall into a cozy bed after you come back.

The marshmallow experiment is much more about obedience, self control, trust, discipline and not giving into temptation as it is to delayed gratification, when you think about it. Do you believe food becomes more gratifying with the amount?

This is what you do with a dog, who can not grasp a grand concept of how to improve hisfuture situation by taking the difficult route now. The hungry dog will eat up anything good, until his stomache is critically filled and he has to sleep it off.

The first German Wind farms had direct connections, without expensive inverter stages. So they are generators, but they are also indistinguishable from motors. There is sometimes wind, sometimes not and the windmills humm about. I still have videos of windparks where some windmills run in opposite directions, those are very rare now, you find them on YouTube. Doesn't matter with government subsidies. How much power they generated, was long a mystery in engineering. Maybe it still is?

So they advance and they made sure they only turn in one direction. It is better for the funding this way.

So some just didn't turn and started humming. There are big parks and some are running fast, but some are taking a break, but why? There is no wind in this one spot maybe? Do we have enough power already? Why doesn't it move when it could?

It took some time and then most projects have been retro fitted with costly inverter stages, moving from AC to DC to AC again. Maybe multiple times, depending on the business model and how many parks are packed together. This way it's much better to calculate the cost, since the subsidies are drying up.

Obviously all of them are now pure generators and can never be motors.

It would simply be stupid to assume otherwise.

You are able to access the safety of such a device from one or two cycles against standardized loads, freshly manufactured or reused.

If safety or fires would be truly a concern, costly test would be mandatory every year for each battery powered device.

Battery connection and test modes would be standardized, to check the rest of the device for shorts and isolation etc. Usually those things are glued together with epoxy and sufficient testing is impossible without destruction of the toy.

Sure gold is definitely a commodity. It is a precious metals and considered beautiful. Jewelry could be made from anything and is also a commodity. Those aren't socially beneficial objects, such as a public library, public wash rooms, crisis centers or soup kitchens.

What would we socially gain from a mountain of gold in the middle of a city? Does this even have a social benefit?