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wfunction

3,901 karma · joined October 15, 2012

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wfunction··on Life Is About to Get Harder for Websites Without HTTPS
> My student society for example

> need to expose critical internal services on the public internet, some of which contain private user data.

The heck? Are they aware of this? Might you get sued for this?

wfunction··on Exotic Data Structures (2011)
> Where, where does it say that std::deque is supposed to have O(sqrt(n)) space requirement as worst case?

Nowhere! Where did I even claim it said that anywhere?!

wfunction··on Exotic Data Structures (2011)
...you were asking what's so "exotic" about compact dynamic arrays if they're just deques? I'm telling you they're not deques, because they have additional constraints that deques don't have.

Are you intentionally twisting this backwards or something? You're basically turning the conversation into something like this:

You: "Penguins are birds, right? What's so exotic about penguins when I see all these birds flying around me?"

Me: "Penguins live in Antarctica... and don't fly... (hence why people find them exotic...)"

You: "But who says birds can't live in Antarctica?? And chickens can't fly either. And penguins are birds. So what's so exotic about penguins?"

Me: {what sane response can I even give you here?!}

________________________________________

But anyway...

> implies that compact dynamic array can't be used for std::deque, when it is used as such

To entertain your new argument here:

Deque requires references to existing elements not to be invalidated when new elements are appended. I don't know how compact dynamic arrays work, but dynamic arrays generally move elements around in memory while maintaining guaranteed worst-case O(1)-time access to them, so it seems kind of impossible for them to meet both requirements.

wfunction··on Exotic Data Structures (2011)
I don't get what you're arguing against, if anything. Can you make an actual claim and tell me where I'm wrong? Literally all I've been saying so far is that std::deque does not meet the O(sqrt n) space overhead of compact dynamic arrays. i.e.: yes it is more exotic than a mere std::deque, which is precisely the question you were asking and I was answering initially. So you're saying I'm wrong, or what? If you're saying I'm wrong, which implementation of std::deque do you think meets that overhead spec?
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
> I mean you've already said you don't know what you're talking about ("I have no idea what [Cat III] means.") but you're totally cool with taking a confidently authoritative tone on it anyway, I'm not sure what other conclusion anyone should be expected to draw.

...Did you come here just to fuel flames and burn people, or are you here to have a legitimate discussion about the subject?

You're totally cool being literally in ad-hominem territory at this point and you're lecturing me about not judging people I never even judged?

wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
> As far as "stupid mistake" goes, you sure do seem quick to judge professionals in a highly technical field totally unrelated to your own

The heck? Everyone makes stupid mistakes. Hell, I make more of them than a lot of people I know. That's why there are procedures and checklists and redundancies and automated systems -- to prevent stupid mistakes, evne by the best people. Where was I ever judging the pilot for heaven's sake?! Maybe you could be a little more charitable with how you judge people?

wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
I mean including information/labels like "taxiway XYZ" that could make a stupid mistake like this obvious. Or are you saying they already do this?
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
> What is your definition of manual intervention?

I was thinking of autopilot disengaging, but that's not really important here. I'll go along with what you just said.

> Pilots get updated instructions from the tower - the GPS path of the flight within 10 m is not programmed from the beginning

not in the beginning... so it is later?

> due to weather issues, turbulence, traffic at the terminal ends, etc.

Uhm, "traffic at terminal ends" suggests the real problem is that the correct path is not known in the beginning, or that autopilot might not be able to avoid collision on its own... which is quite a bit different from the plane being unable to locate itself accurately and follow the correct path even if it were known a priori. Are we even discussing the original issue at this point?

> Autopilot landings require a Cat III approach.

I have no idea what that means. I'm not sure what gave you the impression that I know what that means either.

> The autopilot when landing is not using GPS for final approach.

> The person you're trading comments with has said twice that GPS is not responsible for the autolanding portion of the flight.

> You twice try to refute it. And then in your last paragraph you do exactly what he says the software engineers here do and you take offense to!

I think you didn't read my last comment carefully because, as I already said, I understood this. My problem is whether GPS is accurate/reliable enough to lead the plane to the place where the next system can take over, which to me implies GPS is already certified to be accurate and reliable enough to get the plane near the correct runway. Read it again. There shouldn't be a single sentence there where I "refute" the microwave transmissions or claim GPS is actually used on the final approach.

> If you have a system that is designed to cut out the human component, it has to be all or nothing.

Wha..? Autopilot isn't perfect either, and can disengage in various situations that it can't handle, but they approve it and pilots manage to use it just fine. When it's GPS's turn, suddenly it has to be 100% perfect?

And when did I ever suggest you have to cut out the human component? For goodness's sake all I'm asking for is a little display with a map that shows where the plane thinks it's going. That's "cutting out the human component" to you?

wfunction··on Exotic Data Structures (2011)
O(n) in my comment refers to space overhead. You're talking about time.
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
The issue is you're treating this as though (1) cruising can be done on autopilot via GPS because it doesn't need much accuracy, (2) landing can also be done on autopilot because we have more accurate systems, but (3) the transition between the two requires manual intervention because the plane can't reliably locate itself accurately enough to get in the right position for landing systems to take over.

But that simply doesn't seem to be the case (in normal weather, which we had here). See my reply to a sibling comment here for a link. It seems that in normal conditions planes are capable of doing it all in one go, which means they are capable of accurately and reliably locating themselves. Nobody is expecting these to work in extreme conditions like bad weather or bird collisions, but in those conditions autopilot can and does already get disengaged (whether automatically or manually), and this could be done the same way. It's not like we forbid autopilot entirely because it isn't 100% perfect, so why not apply the same standards here?

wfunction··on Exotic Data Structures (2011)
No, std::deque has O(n) space overhead... the goal here is to get that to O(sqrt(n)), and in the worst case too.
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
> Now if you need to do that in a Cessna at 75 mph with no more than 4 people on board, why wouldn't you also need to do in a 787 that lands at ~180 mph with nearly 300 people, or an A380 that lands at ~140 mph with over 500?

Because you have 1-3 other copilots who also have eyes and could be doing this instead of you...?

wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
You can "upload" something from your iPad to the autopilot system without any kind of certification?
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
> And finally, the one factor that happened to be the first of these to happen:

> * Multiple pilots looking directly toward the oncoming aircraft, one of whom alerted ATC.

I don't get this.

You're an engineer/pilot/whomever filing for {the current system/pilot/plane/whatever-needs-approval} to get approved. The power-that-be (e.g. FAA) asks you what your safety margins are. You cite "other pilots looking directly at my aircraft in the 30-second span of my mistake" as one of your "safety margins"? ...what?

wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
Thanks for the detailed response.

> Automatic landing systems rely on ground support by way of microwave signals from transmitters installed near autoland-capable runways. There's no general position information, and the airborne part of the system can't operate independently of the part on the ground.

Yes, I understand the landing portion has other kinds of support. However, I don't understand how it can not have the positioning information we need, because {see next response below}.

> Civilian GPS signals are limited in terms of position accuracy, too. I believe the CEP is ten meters. That's not bad, but it's not good enough to land an aircraft. Altitude information from GPS is (IIRC) either nonexistent or severely limited, too. About any aircraft with a glass cockpit is going to support a moving map display, and those do see use - but, as a couple of professional pilots in this thread have noted, during final approach the main concern with regard to aircraft position is relative to the glide slope and the runway, and a moving map has nothing to do with any of that.

This seems to contradict with what I read [1]. See this quote, for example:

Generally, the pilot will handle takeoff and then initiate the autopilot to take over for most of the flight. In some newer aircraft models, autopilot systems will even land the plane.

OK, so I don't have much of an expectation for older plane models, but my interpretation of the above is that in newer models, autopilot need not disengage before landing and require manual intervention in order to align the plane with the correct track (barring bad weather or other unusual situations like bird collisions, etc.). This is supported by the fact that they later explicitly mention that autopilot occasionally disengages. So it seems clear in normal situations autopilot has plenty of positioning available to it, enough to find the runway and locate the plane on a display of some sort. That goes pretty clearly against what you said. Am I missing something?

> On a more general note, it is remarkable to me that so many otherwise apparently sensible software engineers seem to regard aviation as a problem trivially susceptible of perfect solution

I hope this isn't referring to me, because I've been trying pretty hard not to give that impression (which I don't have). I never suggested anything about aviation perfection in general. I'm specifically talking about this particular kind of problem, because it seems to me that with current technology, pilot errors of this kind should be completely avoidable using current technology and, basically, non-problems in the first place. (Again: note that I said these types of pilot errors should be avoidable. I didn't say all faulty landings on the wrong tracks should be unavoidable.)

In other words, nowhere did I suggest that I think airplanes can fly or land themselves perfectly in unfavorable conditions. But this was quite a favorable condition for an automated system. And, as a computer scientist, what seems ridiculous to me is the idea that "Oh, but this system you just described won't work if there is a hurricane and there are turkeys getting rammed through our engines while the pilots are asleep and ATC happens to be on strike in the middle of a nuclear holocaust, so let's "be conservative" and never approve it because it's clearly going to make things worse on average".

[1] http://www.cnbc.com/2015/03/26/autopilot-what-the-system-can...

wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
Okay so let me get this straight: you're telling me that passenger airplanes currently fly by dead reckoning or stellar navigation or ground-based triangulation or something else? When a pilot doesn't know where he is, he doesn't have any kind of certified GPS-based system handy to tell him?

And moreover, even beyond GPS: how the hell can a plane's navigation system be capable of (and certified for!) landing the monster under autopilot, and yet not be able to tell the pilot its own location within the accuracy of a few feet reliably? I literally do not understand how what you're saying makes any sense.

wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
> You know what else Google maps does? It quits working at random times and behaves unpredictably in low precision GPS scenarios.

OK, so you're saying airplanes don't already have GPS systems that work better?

Or are you claiming I said "Airbus and Boeing should literally install Google Maps in the cockpit"?

wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
OK, I'll clarify. Someone suggested non-AM transmission has problems X/Y/Z; I suggested that I expect non-AM transmission has overcome problems X/Y/Z in the military, and therefore I'm not convinced this is the real issue preventing non-AM communication. I was not discussing whether we or not we need non-AM communication in the first place.
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
Are you suggesting their current GPS systems have that kind of issue though? I'm just asking for an interface to be added, not a entire concept of GPS functionality to be added. I'm assuming the latter is already used. It's not like I was suggesting they use Google Maps.
wfunction··on The Berkeley Revolution: A digital archive
> I'm so glad I left that place. I've never lived in a place that was so obnoxiously proud of its past, all the while so completely hypocritical about its present situation. Great school, shit town.

You found the town was proud of its past and hypocritical about the present, and not the school?

wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
> it's not like (s)he's just with crossed arms watching the show

I mean I wasn't assuming that was the case either...

wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
Can you tell me what the second safety margin that kicked in here and saved them was? Seems to me that it was another pilot noticing them and asking "Where's this guy goin'?" which is not something I'd consider to be a safety margin kicking in... it sounds like sheer dumb luck, where the last margin had already failed.
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
Aw man, sad to read this but thank you.
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
Yes, I don't know the types, but any kind of display that can show the relevant information would seem viable in 2017 :-) so it seems the main answer to "why?" is just "because adopting such technology is abysmally slow" rather than because it's inherently a bad idea? (Thank you for all the responses again! They're excellent.) (Edit: just saw your other comment, please feel free to ignore this if it's redundant.)
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
> "Military-grade" systems use complicated techniques like frequency-hopping spread spectrum

Note that that technology has been around since World War II. And fun fact, while we're on that topic, this page is worth a read: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr

wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
Wow, did not know. Thank you.
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
I wasn't complaining about the transmission quality, I was just trying to understand the parent comment. The person who complained about the former was someone else.
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
Okay, but do military-grade systems use AM like this too? I imagine their needs aren't any less than those of civilians, and I imagine they've gotten their communication systems to work just fine. So what's the issue?
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
I can't tell if my expectations are just too high, but the impression I'm getting from all your answers is that pilots just don't have a dynamically updating (i.e. digital) map. It seems like everything is a bunch of numbers the poor pilots have to crunch or ticks that they have to count correctly or sheets of paper they have to pass to each other with diagrams. Why in the world is the system so ancient in 2017? Google Maps on my phone can show me where I am within 10 meters and where I'm going for the next 10 minutes, and it automatically zooms in and out at turning points... why can't an airplane have a display that shows them where they are and where they're going within the next minute?
wfunction··on SFO near miss might have triggered aviation disaster
Haha, thanks! Will fix that last bit.
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