From the physiology, the biggest are how sleep and stress affect learning, memory, and attention. Seems obvious but I’ve yet to find a school district that starts even there.
Not OP, but I loved the book Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg. Number 1 book of all time. You can turn yourself into a robot if you want.
Neurons that fire together wire together.
Edit: cybernetic corollary: neurons that we wire together, will fire together.