"Nothing" as a concept always existed of course. But it wasn't considered a number, generally. Certainly no one counted "nothing, one, two", and even today natural language doesn't include "nothing" or some equivalent as a numeral noun.
[I believe this YouTube video goes into more detail in its discussion of why 1 was not considered Prime in the ancient world: https://youtu.be/R33RoMO6xeA]