fpoling

The experiment does not demonstrate wave-like properties. It can be interpreted that way, but purely from experimental properties one can also interpret the result that photon traveled by curved path which brings path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics when there is nothing wave-like but there are just probabilities of a particular path.

There is no interference pattern from a single photon as it hits the registration device at a particular place. But collect a big enough sequence of single photon measurements and it emerges.

This is the reason for statistical interpretation of QM that states that a wave function is just a way to calculate probability with no inherent meaning.

So wave-particle duality is just an artifact of Copenhagen interpretation of QM, not something that one can observe. What one clearly observes that photons travel through a region where they should not classically be and never appear in the region where they should be classically.

Note that even classically waves does not exist as they are just an artifact of motion of collection of molecules that on average can be described by wave-like equations.

Germany has not learned anything from the war in Ukraine and still think that dependence on gas imports from other countries is fine even for backup.

The main advantage of gas plants is that they support variability. In a world with enough battery storage to last for days that would be irrelevant. And as an insurance against rare events it is better to keep coal plants as transportation and storage of coal is vastly more resilient to interruptions.

Keeping coal plants around is cheap to cover that. Longer term things like producing ammonia during summer and converting it to electricity in fuel cells will allow to remove needs for fossil fuels completely.

Just by scaling up the existing technologies the full cost including installation and maintenance of a grid-scale battery in 5 years will be below 100 usd/kwh. So the price is max 400 billions or 1% of US GDP.

Batteries already kill peaker plants as a grid-scale battery that lasts 4 hours became cheaper than running natural gas turbine to cover the evening demand peak.

And vise versa, a proof that P!=NP do not exclude an algorithm that is fast enough for practical n.

Particles do exist for practical purposes. If one can distinguish individual photons, then the picture is nothing but a bunch of particles with only averages producing wave-like pictures. But the puzzle is that they do not travel in straight lines and we cannot predict individual point where they will hit.

I have used gandi.net for many years. They provided good support and offered things like free email forwarding. Then they were bought and the new owners just double or more prices and made anything extra including email a ridiculously expensive extra.

Cloudflare has verified bot program.

In 10 years when the batteries will cover 24 hours of demand to cover few weeks without sun and wind nuclear will be too expensive as reactors requires maintenance even when they do not work. Coal will be vastly cheaper beating even natural gas as one can store coal in bulk.

But right now we do not have excessive capacity and smoothing the curve for nuclear allows to burn less coal and natural gas. Essentially right now batteries are killing peaker natural gas plants, not nuclear or coal.

Storage is still expensive. But if there is enough storage to cover the demand for couple hours then it can also be used to store excessive energy from nuclear making throttling down the reactor output much smoother. In few years when the storage will be cheap enough to last the whole night it will kill nuclear, but while the capacity is low why not to use it to make running nuclear more efficient.

Modern coal plants are more efficient and have bigger daily throttling capacity offsetting some of the above.

EDIT: batteries also help on China scale to throttle coal output much more smoothly and efficiently. Eventually the batteries will kill coal but for the next 5 years in China they are making coal plants cheaper to operate.

The problem with nuclear is that their daily throttling capacity is low leading to those minimal price contracts. So it makes sense to pair nuclear with batteries as coal plants in US started to do. With that having nuclear as a base load during winter or prolonged bad weather would still make sense.

Batteries are still too expensive to cover the whole night. So it will take few years before they will threaten nuclear base load. But they are already cheaper to serve electricity from solar or wind during 4 hours evening peak consumption than running natural gas peaker plants. Plus they reduce the scale of grid upgrades in many cases.

Battery at a coal plant also allows it to operate at less variable output which is more efficient. Modern plants can throttle more than the old ones, but even with them a battery to smooth the load curve make sense economically to use less coal.

I had a dentist who preferred to see patients each 12 months for a relatively cheap routine check while avoiding doing anything if something was discovered during the check if that could wait. She fixed a minor cavity for me like after 4 years of checks. At some point she stopped accepting new patients because she had too many of them.

The upside is that you can know everything of almost any person as well. Whether that upside is beneficial for you is a different matter.

EV in China with a reasonable range is already cheaper to manufacture and to buy. Inevitable the same will happen in Europe in the next couple of years. Given the massive improvements in charging infrastructure I do not see why EV would be a default option.

The point of diesel heater is to remove the need to plugin hybrid in many cases and just go with EV plus heater.

I meant in heat pumps in cars due to size constrains. For homes there are heat pumps that work even at minus -30C, but one just cannot fit that into a car.

And I really do not get why there is no even option to have a diesel heaters in cold climates. It adds like 100 kilometres per long trip for a litre of fuel when it is cold and allows to use smaller and cheaper battery in EV.

50% power efficiency is for burning gasoline, not oil. Once accounting for energy spent on refining oil into modern gasoline it is like 35%. And with that it will consume less oil to burn it on modern power plant approaching 50% efficiency even accounting for refinery losses and then use that in EV.

New EV from Renault and Fiat are below 25K Euro in Europe without subsidies. They are still more expensive than similar sized gasoline cars with manual gear shift, but the difference is small and will pays off in few years.

Heat pumps are mostly useless when it is minus -20 C. Diesel heater is the most practical solution. Sodium or LMFP batteries will help, but even with them the range reduction in winter due to the need for heating and increased drag from cold air is just too great.

SeL4 or proof assistant are not panacea. They do not help if assumptions about the task are wrong. And correctly formulating the task in real world is very messy.

So physical security is just as important. I really like how ARINC serial bus on planes work. One can have a reader that is physically incapable of sending anything to the writer. This allows to connect entertainment systems to flight data sensors safely.

In Airbus this system is replaced with Ethernet switches that in software ensures separation of traffic. The software was proven mathematically. But I am skeptical that it is absolutely bulletproof as a client under malicious control can influence Ethernet signaling and may exploit hardware bugs.

At least people get paid during the gardening leave.

Stratis does not support data integrity checksums. There is dm-integrity hack but it slows down the write speed by halve.

LLMs are good at refactoring. So function color mismatch is no longer a problem while explicit io helps to read and understand the code.

Swap is required for hibernation. And with fast ssd or properly tuned zram/zswap one can run task that use 10%-20% more memory than installed RAM. Surely there is a slowdown, but it is not that big especially when SSD can read write more than 5GB/s.