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joshkaufman

1,777 karma · joined August 4, 2009

Author of three bestselling books: The Personal MBA: Master the Art of Business, The First 20 Hours: How to Learn Anything… Fast! and How to Fight a Hydra.

Full-time independent researcher and author.

Former P&G product development / marketing manager and global digital analytics lead.

Full stack Ruby/Sinatra developer.

Twitter: joshkaufman E-mail: josh@joshkaufman.net

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joshkaufman··on Dvorak vs Colemak (2010-2020)
I've been a happy Colemak user since 2012. One of the first things I do when I get a new computer is rearrange the physical keys, which is a significant advantage of Apple non-butterfly keyboards. [1]

Aside from less overall movement while typing, Colemak keeps many common keyboard shortcuts the same. The first few hours are very frustrating, but the overall time-to-competence is short. There's a lot of upside and little downside.

I wrote about the process of learning Colemak in my book on skill acquisition, and posted a summary of the process and the tools/techniques I used on the book's website. [2]

[1] https://twitter.com/joshkaufman/status/1334632614368583680

[2] https://first20hours.com/typing/

joshkaufman··on Launch HN: Vouch (YC S19) – Business Insurance for Startups
I just submitted an application, and have been chatting with Myles, who has been very helpful and responsive.

Vouch is not able to proceed with my application because I run a bootstrapped business – zero funding and no debt. Vouch's current underwriting guidelines require at least $150,000 in funding, which seems odd.

I'm not sure why this is the case - if anything, my business has a much lower risk profile, since I have fewer counterparties, and don't have the exposures that would necessitate D&O, EPL, EB, or FD.

I hope this is something that Vouch will discuss with the reinsurer. I've been looking for a service like this for years now, and I'd like to vote with my dollars.

joshkaufman··on Time anxiety: is it too late?
I wrote a book on this topic: https://first20hours.com

There's a ton of (replicated) psychology research that supports this thesis: the early hours of skill acquisition are very effective/efficient in terms of improvement-per-hour-invested. 20-50 hours is enough to see very substantial improvements in any skill, even if you have no prior knowledge or experience.

I wish more people focused on the early process of skill acquisition: that's what most of us will experience for most of our lives/careers.

Learning and practicing skills in many different areas is underrated: if you think of skills from an ROI perspective, spending a little time to get a lot better at a portfolio of useful things has a crazy high return.

joshkaufman··on Show HN: Arc Studio Pro – Collaborative Editing/Version Control for Screenplays
Happy to share anything you need - feel free to reach out whenever you like. My email is firstname at firstandlastname dot net, or @joshkaufman on Twitter.
joshkaufman··on Show HN: Arc Studio Pro – Collaborative Editing/Version Control for Screenplays
Hi, Michi - congrats!

Not sure about your future plans, but there's a huge need for good collaborative writing/editing programs for traditional book publishing. Collaboration with developmental editors, copyeditors, agents, publishing staff, etc is both essential and extremely painful.

From the looks of it, the structure and output needs for book projects are less demanding than what you've already implemented, so it might be a worthwhile adjacency to explore.

Hope this helps.

joshkaufman··on Kalzumeus Software Year in Review 2016
There are three primary differences between your situation and Patrick's situation:

1. Patrick is a US citizen who lives and operates his businesses in Japan, which automatically makes accounting and filing taxes several orders of magnitude more difficult than filing taxes for a business that operates in the US.

2. Appointment Reminder, as an entity, operates in regulated industries, most notably medical care. That requires HIPPA compliance, which carries legal and financial risks if compliance is not accurately implemented, maintained, and insured. Patrick's conscientiousness in terms of business process is very much to his credit, and the consequences of Appointment Reminder going down, losing customer information, being hacked, etc are much higher vs. comparable issues with Pinboard.

3. Patrick engages with large companies as a consultant on a somewhat regular basis, with contract values that are substantial, and with counterparties that have legal departments that are also substantial. The level of legal and process overhead required to close these deals, execute on the project, and collect payment is comparably substantial.

In summary: you and Patrick have very different lives and run very different types of businesses. He's not "overcomplicating" his business operations - he's being smart and diligent in ways that benefit him greatly in terms of both revenue and risk mitigation.

Also, for what it's worth: I would highly recommend against operating as a sole proprietor. LLCs are inexpensive, easy to set up, easy to maintain, and mitigate significant personal legal/financial risks.

Insurance would also likely benefit you - a basic computer systems / PII policy would mitigate your (generally small) risk in this area: without insurance, getting sued by anyone even moderately persistent would likely put you out of business.

Think of it as the business equivalent of earthquake insurance: you can save a bit of time/effort/money by going without it, but as soon as an adverse event occurs, you REALLY wish you had it.

Likewise for accounting - we probably have similar businesses in terms of overall complexity (that is, not much), but Bench + my accountant save me so much time and effort it's silly to do accounting and bookkeeping myself any more.

Hope this helps. (Happy Pinboard customer.)

joshkaufman··on Diamonds Suck (2006)
I'm the OP - surprised to see this at the top of HN today, but happy to post a quick update:

My wife and I have been happily married for ten years now. She loves her ring, and it has held up extremely well. (She just had the band resized, absolutely no issues with the stones.)

No one has ever thought it was anything other than a diamond ring, which includes several years of daily scrutiny from crazy New York City brides in her role as a bridal gown sales manager in a high-end atelier in Midtown Manhattan. Those who know about the stones think they're beautiful and love that there's a good alternative to diamond.

I stand by everything I said in this essay, and would 100% recommend moissanite to anyone who is (or will soon be) in the jewelry market.

joshkaufman··on “Mastering Emacs” ebook announced
I'd recommend checking into CreateSpace - I've done an enormous amount of research into print-on-demand services this year, and CreateSpace has the best total package (cost / ease-of-use / broad distribution) at the moment.

Lightning Source is also worth looking into for direct distribution, but if you intend to sell on Amazon, CreateSpace is the service to beat.

joshkaufman··on “Mastering Emacs” ebook announced
I've always been curious about Emacs, but I haven't made time to really dig into it. A resource like this will be very helpful. Looking forward to reading it!
joshkaufman··on Amazon and Hachette Resolve Dispute
Informed speculation based on the quotes in the article: it appears that Hachette accepted the "incentivized agency" terms that Simon & Schuster agreed to, which is very similar in structure to the terms Amazon offers for Kindle Direct Publishing.

These terms give publishers a strong incentive to keep book prices between certain thresholds (for KDP, higher margins if the price is set between $2.99 and $9.99), but Hachette has the ability to set prices outside of those thresholds as long as they're willing to accept lower margins.

Hachette gets nominal price control, and Amazon gets their preferred pricing because Hachette will get smacked in the pocketbook if they choose to exercise it.

joshkaufman··on Colorado communities secure the right to build their own broadband
Mountain views everywhere - the whole town is only a few miles from the mountains, similar to Boulder. Tons of parks, trails, mountain biking, etc. The city is very bike-friendly. Whitewater rafting is also close by on the Cache La Poudre River, which exits the mountains ~10 miles NW of the city. Public access boating available on Horsetooth Reservoir.
joshkaufman··on Colorado communities secure the right to build their own broadband
+1 on Fort Collins - relocated here five years ago. It's a fantastic town - many big city amenities for a small city. (For example: it has a ton of restaurants. I used to live in NYC, and many places in Fort Collins are comparable in quality.) Cost of living in town and in the surrounding area is very reasonable, and quality of life is great.
joshkaufman··on Ask HN: How do US HNers get their health insurance?
We use a HSA-qualified high-deductible policy from Humana One (https://www.humana.com/individual-and-family/) with 100% coverage after deductible, and we deduct premiums as a business expense. We make the maximum HSA contribution every year, which makes all of our family healthcare spending tax-deductible. Coverage can be obtained quickly and prices are generally reasonable, particularly if you don't have kids.

For routine care, we subscribe to MDVIP (http://www.mdvip.com), which has been fantastic. The subscription pays for a very comprehensive annual physical (of the type Fortune 500 execs get every year), and helps the physician maintain their practice with a smaller number of clients, so you can schedule visits same-day if you need to.

Because we cover healthcare expenses out of the HSA, it pays to shop around for things like prescription drugs. Tools like GoodRx (http://goodrx.com, details on how it works at http://kk.org/cooltools/archives/22342) help save a lot of money.

Hope this helps.

joshkaufman··on Plot Thickens as 900 Writers Battle Amazon
It's the other way around, actually: by law in the US and most countries worldwide, suppliers are free to set whatever prices and terms they like, but retailers have the final authority to set the price that's presented to the retail customer. Suppliers can not unilaterally dictate to retailers the final sales price the retail customer pays.

That's why "Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price" (usually abbreviated MRSP) is a thing. The manufacturer / supplier suggests a price, but the retailer makes the final call. The only recourse suppliers have to this is pulling distribution from that retailer entirely, as long as they apply the same policy to all retailers - companies like Apple and Bose make credible threats to do this to suppliers that violate their guidelines, which is why their prices are so consistent across retailers.

Otherwise, retailers have the final call on retail pricing unless they waive that right via negotiation: if they want to sell at a loss, or reduce their own margin to use lower prices as a marketing tool, they can. That's why Walmart and Target often sell bottles of Tide below cost - it's called a "loss leader" strategy, and it's very common as a way to attract new business.

Amazon used loss leader pricing on bestselling titles to establish the Kindle platform, which is a major reason why it's the dominant ebook platform now.

A big part of this dispute is that Hachette is demanding final authority on setting prices, and demanding that Amazon gives up the right to discount and use its ebooks as loss leaders - instead, they'd get a flat percentage (likely ~30%) of whatever Hachette decides to charge. This is a major part of what's now called "agency pricing," and the big 5 publishers and Apple colluded to force Amazon to adopt it several years ago. That's why the DOJ filed suit for antitrust / collusion / price fixing, and the publishers each lost or chose to settle.

As a condition of the judgement / settlement, publishers now have to renegotiate their contracts with Amazon. Amazon, justifiably, isn't willing to agree to agency pricing without major concessions. Hachette won't agree to standard retail non-agency pricing. Hence the impasse.

EDIT: also to clarify, wholesale non-agency pricing isn't "unprecedented in the book business." Barnes & Noble and independent retailers have operated on wholesale pricing for print books for decades. Otherwise, B&N wouldn't be able to place a "20% off" sticker on bestselling titles, or offer large discounts to move remaindered stock. Hachette is asking Amazon to agree to something no other book retailer has or would agree to. Retailers like Apple and B&N/Nook have agreed to agency pricing on ebooks in the hopes of shutting down Amazon's ability to discount, with the understanding that publishers were attempting to force Amazon to do the same. (Via collusion.)

The larger game is that Hachette (and other large publishers) are attempting to protect their hardcover print sales by inflating the price of ebooks, which makes them less attractive to readers. Ebooks are more profitable, but it's a more difficult market to control, so publishers are fighting Amazon and doing what they can to slow ebook adoption as much as possible. It's not a smart strategy, IMO, but that's what they're doing.

joshkaufman··on Plot Thickens as 900 Writers Battle Amazon
I'm a full-time working non-fiction author. I've worked with major publishers on past projects with excellent results, have received multiple major offers from major publishers for my upcoming projects, and have firm plans to self-publish new projects in the near future.

Early in my career, I also spent time negotiating with retailers like Walmart at a large consumer goods manufacturer.

I've been following this situation closely. I'm not personally affected (yet), but it's an opportunity to collect information in the interest of making better decisions about how to publish future projects.

In most ways, this is a pretty standard supplier/retailer negotiation. Most of these disputes don't go public, and don't last this long, but they happen all the time. Both sides are trying to use whatever leverage they have to negotiate the best possible deal. That's normal.

What's atypical about this particular negotiation is that authors are the counterparty that have the most at stake, but have no seat at the negotiating table. They're directly affected by the dispute, but have zero leverage, zero input, and zero recourse for losses incurred in the dispute.

The affected authors are, quite simply, the only real leverage Hachette has in this dispute, and Hachette is using them for all they're worth.

Here's the part of the NYT story that stuck out to me. It's buried close to the bottom:

"About half [of Preston's] book sales used to come from Amazon. But since the retailer started discouraging orders, his paperback sales are down 61 percent and his e-book sales are down 62 percent."

Hachette failed to come to mutually agreeable terms with their largest retail partner by dollar and unit volume. That's their most important job as a publisher, and they blew it, to the tune of permanently costing their authors 50-60%+ of sales they'll never recover.

Shipping books into retail distribution in a timely manner to minimize out-of-stocks is a publisher's second most important job. Production and distribution of physical finished goods inventory into retail is a hard problem, and most publishers are reasonably well equipped to handle it at scale.

When Hachette's contract with Amazon expired, Amazon (rightfully) stopped ordering advance inventory for stocking, but continued taking orders for available titles and transmitted those orders to Hachette as they arrived. From there, it's Hachette's responsibility to deliver the orders to an Amazon distribution center. Once the books arrive, Amazon packs & ships them to purchasing customers as normal.

That's why, when Hachette's contract expired, all of their books were listed as "Out of stock: ships in 1 to 6 weeks" - that's how long it takes Hachette to deliver stock. That's slow as hell.

Amazon didn't "boycott" or "drop" or "betray" authors or "discourage" readers from buying their books - it ceased offering retail inventory management services to a supplier whose contract had expired, and made a rational and defensible business decision when it became clear that the supplier was not negotiating in good faith to establish a new agreement.

Preston has a right to be pissed off, but not at Amazon.

joshkaufman··on Show HN: Curated Stock Photos in your Inbox every week (royalty free)
Great - you have a new customer. Thanks for putting this together!
joshkaufman··on Show HN: Curated Stock Photos in your Inbox every week (royalty free)
This looks useful - I'm inclined to sign up. Two things:

1. You may want to look at the CSS on your T&C page: http://weeklysnaps.com/terms. I'm seeing very light text on a light background, and it's difficult to read.

2. Are you capturing and keeping track of the original license for each photo in a way that's visible to your customers?

Your T&C says "[Photos have] been curated from other sites which claim CC0 or Public Domain status of the photo files."

Photo licensing is very important for commercial projects, and if the status of a photo changes later, it's important to have timestamped documentation of the license status.

Since there's no mention that you're indemnifying your clients against future claims the photos are licensed, it's probably in your best interest to include documentation of the photo's stated license (screenshots, source links, etc) with each download pack in case any disputes arise.

That'd protect both you and your clients in the event a big photo licensor (Getty, etc) starts sending nastygrams claiming the photos are licensed. Based on past experience, the probability of an issue like this is high, so it's best to cover your bases from the beginning.

Hope this helps!

joshkaufman··on I'm writing a book "Practical Microservices with Ruby"
Ha - you should've seen my Twitter feed when Josh won. Craziness. :-)
joshkaufman··on I'm writing a book "Practical Microservices with Ruby"
Looking forward to reading this.
joshkaufman··on Making Your Writing Work Harder For You
Patrick's advice about taking dates off is spot-on for optimizing conversion rates on key pages. I've taken dates off of my most important evergreen resources.

There's sometimes a happy medium - you can deemphasize the date with CSS or by putting it at the bottom of the post.

Here's an example of a blog-style post on my site: http://joshkaufman.net/malinvestment/

People who want to find the date can find the date. People who aren't looking for it aren't likely to see it.

joshkaufman··on Can 10,000 hours of practice make you an expert?
I recently wrote a book on this topic[1][2], and you're quite right - most people seem to get wrapped up in the status that surrounds the idea of expertise when the real value of this research is what it tells us about how to go about acquiring new skills for personal or professional use.

As you mentioned, practicing to the point of enjoying the skill is the most effective strategy. If you can reach the point where practicing is fun, you're much more likely to continue leveling up.

Adult learners typically find the first few hours of practicing a new skill extremely frustrating, and a very low percentage will complete even 2-3 hours of deliberate practice if the skill is complex, ambiguous, or challenging. Somewhere around hours 3-10, however, you start to see clear improvements, and pushing through frustration is much less of a factor. That's the point where you start seeing clear results.

In my research/experience, the threshold for acquiring new skills for personal or professional use is somewhere around 20 hours. That's not "expertise" - it's being able to produce a desired result or enjoy the experience. In the vast majority of cases, you don't need to be an "expert" to derive value from practicing new skills.

Since most people have a hard time pushing through the early frustration barrier, 10-20 hours of strategic, deliberate practice will also give you a surprising level of competence compared to other people. All it really takes is having a smart strategy that ensures (1) you invest those early hours of practice in acquiring the most commonly-used sub-skills, (2) you alter your environment to make it as easy as possible to remove distractions, sit down, and do the work.

[1] Book: http://first20hours.com

[2] Overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MgBikgcWnY

joshkaufman··on Show HN: I mapped US medical prices. Save thousands by driving a few miles
It's not an edge case: we were quoted that price a few years ago. We carry high deductible insurance, and that was before the recent US health care legislation mandated maternity coverage. (Before it passed, most insurers refused to provide maternity coverage outside of large groups, or charged insane prices, since the probability of a claim was so high.)

In the end, we opted for homebirth midwifery care, which was fantastic in every way. We ended up paying around $2k for six months of prepartum care, delivery, and six weeks of postpartum care. In the event of an emergency, insurance would've covered a hospital transfer.

It was such a good experience we did the same thing for #2, and we're planning on delivering at home if we have more children in the future.

joshkaufman··on Winter is coming
You don't need to stare at it - I usually keep off to the side of whatever I'm doing. As long as you can see it in your peripheral vision, it works. I usually set mine for 60 minutes, and it shuts off automatically.
joshkaufman··on Winter is coming
I have the Philips goLITE, and highly recommend it. The blue wavelength makes a noticeable difference. It runs off of a rechargeable battery, which is very handy if you move around the house/office in the morning. It's also small enough to use as a travel alarm clock, and I've found using it makes it much easier to shift time zones.
joshkaufman··on Ignore the news
Correct me if I'm wrong, but you seem to assume that mass media news consumption can (or should) be an entirely rational process, in which a person should be able to exert enough willpower to ignore the emotional content of news stories.

It doesn't work that way.

Our cognitive threat detection systems create very real biological responses to the information we receive from the news, prompting shifts in cortisol, adrenaline, and other stress hormones. That automatic threat response has very real effects on your short and long-term health and mental/emotional well-being. [1]

The potential for sudden, dramatic, unexpected loss of life or property (called Loss Aversion) is one of the most attention-pulling things in the world. Once you start paying attention, it's extremely difficult to stop, even if you can't do anything with the information.

It's easy to be sucked in by modern news media, and spend way too much time and energy ruminating on situations you can't influence or control. You're burning the limited amount of attention, focus, and energy you have each day on something that ultimately provides zero value.

I'm all for being informed about what's happening in the world at a baseline level, provided you focus on information you're in a position to act upon - by avoiding a local threat (weather/earthquake/wildfire/etc), donating to a non-profit in the event of a disaster/tragedy, educating yourself before an impending election, etc.

Otherwise, the best way to handle most news media is not to pay attention to it at all. Treat it as a tabloid: best to be avoided if you want to preserve your focus for more important matters.

[1] See "The Science of Fear" by Dan Gardner, http://www.amazon.com/dp/0452295467/

joshkaufman··on How To Buy Your Way Onto The New York Times Bestsellers List
Not really. It's hard to track, but I assume the people who are pirating weren't going to purchase anyway. I've had quite a few people write to tell me they downloaded a pirated copy first, then purchased it because they found it useful.
joshkaufman··on How To Buy Your Way Onto The New York Times Bestsellers List
Thanks, glad you found my book useful!

I've been (mostly lurking) on HN for three and a half years now. I started my career in IT, and recently got back into programming with Ruby/Sinatra, so HN has been a great resource. Feels great to be coding again.

joshkaufman··on How To Buy Your Way Onto The New York Times Bestsellers List
It's pretty natural and rational, I think - Amazon rankings update every hour, and are better indicators of long-term success relative to other titles. Likewise, Amazon's bestseller lists target smaller categories, which is more useful than the broader NYT lists. You just have to filter out the random turbulence in rankings when new titles come out.
joshkaufman··on How To Buy Your Way Onto The New York Times Bestsellers List
Sure. The best place to start is by keeping very close tabs on the types of books you want to write. Watch the new titles coming out, and track what they're doing to promote. You'll see a direct correlation between how well the book is marketed and how well it sells. The Publisher's Weekly deal newsletter is a great resource for finding new titles. Amazon is the best overall research database.

Also, start to pay attention to how your favorite books are structured. The hard part of non-fiction writing isn't really the factual content, it's how the whole book is put together. Once you get the structure right, the rest of the book comes together pretty quickly. For both of my books, I spent probably 60% of my time working the outline.

The overall lack of marketing sophistication among authors is astonishing. Publishers aren't good at it either: they'll handle negotiating with retailers, and some pitch in with PR support, but most of the time the author is on their own. If you know even a little bit about online and/or direct marketing, you have a massive advantage. If you already have an audience through a blog or business, you're golden.

Here's the landing page for my first book: http://book.personalmba.com/. That page has a 30%+ conversion rate to a retail visit. Among the retailers I can track, 50% of the people who visit a retail page for the book end up buying it. Just being able to track this simple stuff is huge, and makes it possible to spend more money on marketing. Treating each book like a product that must be supported indefinitely helps a lot - way too many authors launch a book without planning long-term support.

Depending on what you want to write, you might seriously check into self-publishing. Working with a large publisher has some great benefits, mostly in terms of editorial, art, and production support, but you give up a huge chunk of royalty and control when you sign a publishing contract. You can hire contractors to do most of these things yourself. I really enjoy working with Penguin/Portfolio, but I still run the self-pub numbers every time I think about signing on to do a new book. Print-on-Demand Book Publishing by Morris Rosenthal is a bit dated, but it's still a good overview of the tradeoffs.

As far as revenue: when I started, I was advising early-stage entrepreneurs full-time, and my first advance was a nice bonus. Now, somewhere around 80% of monthly income is royalties and advance payments, and I'm no longer doing active advising. The rest comes from courses, both online and offline. Every time I agree to write a new book, that's a nice bump in income for the year. I'm in the midst of re-doing my online course, so when that launches, it'll probably be a larger percentage of income. My income isn't huge by CEO standards, but I'm well past my personal point of diminishing returns.

My best advice in terms of finances is to keep your overhead low: being an author takes a lot of time, but doesn't require much stuff. Once you have a decent computer setup, the major costs are research and travel. Free time becomes the scarce commodity.

Helpful?

joshkaufman··on How To Buy Your Way Onto The New York Times Bestsellers List
The only thing current bestseller lists measure is unit sales volume over a one week period. That's it.

I'm a full-time non-fiction author, and I work with a large publisher. "Bestsellers," particularly NYT bestsellers, get huge amounts of display placement in retail distribution. If you make the list, you get additional in-store display and sell many more copies, so most publishers want you to do everything you can to make it happen.

If the author is (or wants to be) a speaker, hitting the list is even more appealing: it's a permanent high-value social signal that will increase demand for speaking engagements, as well as support a sizable fee increase.

Each weekly bestseller list has a fixed number of slots, and many authors are able and willing to buy their way onto the list. The lists don't want to be gamed, so they've developed countermeasures (like tracking national sales distribution), which really only creates demand for order laundering services like ResultSource. The number of authors willing to game the list makes it much harder to hit the list if you're not willing to use the same tactics.

Anti-gaming measures increase the demand for laundering services. If you run a big conference or company, want to give attendees/clients/employees a copy of the book, and you want to make sure your book orders count for the list, guess what: you need to hire a laundering service. If you don't, you probably won't hit the list. If you do, you probably will. (This isn't hypothetical: I've seen it happen many times, both for books that have hit the list, and those that haven't.)

The worst part about the whole game is that, if you intend to hit the list, it affects every decision you make about the book: topic, positioning, title, cover, and content. I think many non-fiction authors, in their efforts to make the list, end up making their books less useful.

That's why this topic hits home for me: I've made a conscious decision not to pursue the lists. Instead, I'm going to focus all of my attention on creating useful, valuable books that are interesting to read, then make sure the right readers know they exist. If one of my books hits the list eventually, that'll be nice, but it's not the point.

I know why I'm doing what I'm doing, but damn, the siren song of the NYT list is still strong. Every few weeks, I have to remind myself that bending over backwards to maximize sales over a one week period isn't the point.

It's working so far: my first book is more popular today than it was when it came out 2+ years ago. My second book comes out in June, and readers are already excited. I'm happy, satisfied with my career, and looking forward to continuing to write books.

Success as an author has absolutely nothing to do with bestseller lists.

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