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kloch

2,671 karma · joined September 1, 2021

Network Architect, Amateur coder

https://github.com/kevinloch/

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kloch··on New Webb image captures clearest view of Neptune’s rings in decades
Understood, but it still would be very interesting to see the area with JWST's full range of instruments.
kloch··on New Webb image captures clearest view of Neptune’s rings in decades
Have they released any images of the galactic center yet?
kloch··on The movie Hackers was released 27 years ago
Hackers was released September 15, 1995. The newest version of Netscape you could have been using the day it came out was 1.22.

Netscape 2.0 came out three days later (September 18, 1995) and included first support for javascript, java, and plugins.

The Dot-Com craze was just getting started but nobody knew how big it would become. Few worked for Internet startups and nobody had been to a launch party yet. I had registered my first domain name just two months earlier.

What an amazing time (1994-2000) to be alive and just out of school. It was our "Roaring 20's"

kloch··on The movie Hackers was released 27 years ago
Everyone knows Angelina Jolie, but did you know Jonny Lee Miller (Zero Cool) has had a prodigious acting career after Hackers?

https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001538/

My favorite character of his was Sherlock Holmes in "Elementary"

kloch··on The new Ford Mustang has a drift stick
Do they at least make the left turn?
kloch··on Ethereum Classic hashrate doubled this month ahead of ETH merge
Now the million dollar question: Does price follow hashrate, or hashrate follow price?
kloch··on Crazy Thin ‘Deep Insert’ ATM Skimmers
I'm left handed and had a lot of trouble using tap until I realized my thumb was covering/shorting out the chip. If I hold cards in my right hand tap works great.
kloch··on Monte Carlo Geometry Processing
You may want to look at Lyx, a WYSIWYG Tex editor

https://www.lyx.org/

kloch··on Cirrus Vision Jet Pilot Pulls Chute in Florida
> i’ve had the pleasure of flying on a vision jet before — it’s a really cool aircraft that flies almost as fast and high as much more expensive jets

It’s a really cool aircraft but It’s nowhere close to the speed or service ceiling of most private jets.

Here’s Citationmax departing LAX in a vision jet. It’s a beautiful video to watch but it seems like he is struggling to reach the Standard Instrument Departure (SID) altitudes for each waypoint, only able to do about 100 KIAS in the climb.

https://youtu.be/DVXob_B3Cck

Contrast that to his later videos in the Citation CJ3 which looks like a SpaceX rocket in comparison.

Even Premier 1 Driver’s smallish jet drastically outperforms the SF50.

kloch··on Byte Magazine: The C Programming Language (1983)
The delay in publishing a "proper" standard was due to the incredible success/usefulness of the defacto K&R standard. But as you point out that was hard to find outside of Unix. I suspect this was mostly due to the effort required to implement the full standard library and/or resource limitations on many systems.

For example, there was a Small-C compiler available for the Atari 800 in 1982:

http://www.atarimania.com/utility-atari-400-800-xl-xe-c-65_1...

"... based on the Small C compiler published in Dr. Dobb's Journal"

If you look in the beginning of the manual it has a list of what is and is not supported. They claim it is sufficient to compile C/65 itself but there are lots of things we take for granted missing.

kloch··on What's SAP, and why's it worth $163B? (2020)
In 1972 1DM = $3.643 so it's probably $170,189 (1972) -> $1M (today).
kloch··on The future of cryptocurrency is at stake in Ethereum’s switch
ETC is also waiting in the wings with feature parity to ETH but remaining POW.

Some hashpower has already migrated to ETC, doubling in the past two months:

https://2miners.com/etc-network-hashrate

kloch··on Two astrophotographers teamed up to capture a stellar image of the moon
The colors are real but exaggerated during image processing by pushing color saturation much higher than normal.

I took a pic of the moon in 2018 and noticed the colors when playing around in Lightroom. At first I thought it was artifacts from my camera but after some research realized it was due to real Iron and Titanium oxides:

https://kevinloch.com/pics/color-supermoon-2018-01-31-0658z....

That's just a single hand-held shot with a Canon 5D Mark IV and 400mm lens, so it doesn't take much.

I don't know when this "mineral moon" style became popular but it's all the rage right now.

kloch··on FreeBSD on the Framework Laptop
Some folks just prefer BSD over other variants. I learned on old school SunOS so that might be why I prefer it.

SysV based Solaris left a bad taste and Linux just seemed unnecessarily weird. 386/Net/FreeBSD was fast, a stable, simple to configure and most importantly familiar.

kloch··on What alcohol does to your body, brain and health [video]
Alcohol killed my dad. It's an absolutely horrific way to die. Your organs shut down one by one over an extremely painful two month period. Family members can do nothing except watch. You can't even donate part of your liver, medial ethics disallow any organ transplants for alcoholics unless you are really rich/powerful/politically connected. As soon as you see them with yellow skin (Jaundice), you know their fate is sealed.

My dad was so good at managing his alcoholism - didn't seem to have any problems with work or dui's, nobody thought they needed to intervene until it was too late. One day he just collapsed at work and was taken to the hospital.

Just yesterday a drunk driver rear ended me while I was stopped at a traffic light in the middle of the day. It was just a light tap on the bumper but the road has a 55 MPh speed limit. What if he hit me going 60? Would I still be alive today?

kloch··on How gray became the king of color
Post-war mass production was many decades old by the 1970's when Orange and Yellow were the dominant colors, and everything in our lives (cars, furniture, buildings, appliances, etc.) was vastly more colorful.
kloch··on American Airlines agrees to purchase Boom Supersonic Overture aircraft
There is a Concorde on display at the Museum of Flight near Seattle. You can walk down the aisle but the seats themselves are protected by plexiglass.

The seats do look very cramped and the windows are very small.

The museum of flight is amazing and much more interactive than most air museums.

kloch··on Tell HN: After 10 years of experiments, custom username emails receive no spam
Another thing guaranteed to attract spam is a public contact email on a domain name.
kloch··on What is quantum field theory and why is it incomplete?
From wikipedia:

> Consequently, the only way that hidden variables could explain the predictions of quantum physics is if they are "nonlocal", which is to say that somehow the two particles were able to interact instantaneously no matter how widely the two particles are separated.

It's true that with our current theories, instantaneous action at a distance does not seem possible. Yet quantum experiments (wave function collapse over large distances) consistently suggest this might be possible at macro (non-quantum) scales. I think our knowledge is incomplete on this topic.

Gravity is another area where I don't think non-local effects have been fully ruled out. Gravitational waves (energy emitted/thrown off by certain mass/momentum configurations) have been proven to travel at or near the speed of light, but the propagation speed of the first order gravitational effects an open question. This is an area I would love to see more experimentation done. To simultaneously measure the gravitational and optical positions of the Moon or Sun for example.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_gravity

kloch··on What is quantum field theory and why is it incomplete?
I suspect it's an approximation of much lower level deterministic processes that we don't understand yet.

One serious issue is renormalization, a crude mathematical hack that nobody likes but has turned out to be a very useful workaround to our limited knowledge.

kloch··on IPv4 Address Auctions
> Sure, IPv4 blocks have reputation but I've never heard of the equivalent for ASNs, especially ones that have a small number of digits.

tl/dr; ASN's are highly visible to network engineers, it's your identiy as a network. Lower/shorter numbers are "better", at least to some people.

All of the 4 digit ASN's were originally allocated in the 90's, during the initial ISP/dot com boom and are often viewed as a sign of being an established player, or just "cool". Almost all the major ISP's use 3 or 4-digit ASN's: 3356 = Level3/Centurylink/Lumen, 701 = Verizon, 174 = Cogent, 1299 = Telia (now Arelion), 2914 = NTT, 6453 = TATA, etc. Even Netflix snagged 2906 when ARIN suddenly recycled a bunch of 4-digit ASN's in 2009.

If you are an ISP, every one of your BGP customers and peers has to configure a BGP session with your ASN so it has maximal visibility in that use case. Even if you are just peering on public IX's, every peer will see your ASN when they configure the session or do "show bgp sum".

These days there is a similar effect though less dramatic for 5-digit ASN's, and that is reflected in the lower asking prices.

What surprises me is how fast the 5-digit ASN's were selling (look at recent sales). In the ARIN region you can get a 5-digit ASN just for asking when you apply, otherwise they assign a 6-digit by default most of the time. The takeaway from this is that people are paying for a definite, specific number that they like rather than take their chances with a random assignment from ARIN.

kloch··on IPv4 Address Auctions
> As the Internet is moving to IPv6

It's been 22 years since the first Global Unicast IPv6 allocations were made and progress has been very slow. This will not be complete until long after I am retired.

kloch··on IPv4 Address Auctions
> What’s stopping a hedge fund from buying up a /12 block and renting it out?

These marketplaces are open to all and operate with the knowledge and blessing of the RIR's. However, the recipient does still need to justify the allocation they are buying just like when RIR's were handing out addresses directly.

While anyone with existing IP allocations are allowed to lease them out to anyone, even customers you are not directly providing connectivity to, IP's leased out to non-connected customers do not count towards justification for new allocations/transfers. This is different from Amazon or an ISP leasing IP's to their directly connected customers, which do qualify as justification towards further allocation/transfer justifications.

So a transfer would be denied by the RIR unless the recipient claimed they were going to directly use the /12 to provide internet service to themselves or customers. If they lied on the RIR application that would constitute fraud, which is one of the very few reasons RIR's will actively go and revoke a registration for. RIR's are aware that businesses and use cases can change over time and they explicitly do not revoke for simply not needing addresses anymore, to encourage a liquid and efficient resale market. So the question comes down to whether the application was in good faith at the time it was made. RIR's know what's up and it would be very unlikely for a hedge fund to pull this off without actually investing significant capital and effort to deploy an operational network that would justify a /12.

There have been proposals in ARIN to explicitly allow the leasing use case to count towards future justifications, or even for original allocations/transfers but these proposals have not gone anywhere.

kloch··on IPv4 Address Auctions
Running BGP with 4-byte ASN's is well supported by all major vendors by now. The issue is policies that use ASN:XXXXX communities which is 2-byte:2-byte.

There is an RFC to extend this to 4-byte for the ASN part but that is not widely supported yet.

https://community.cisco.com/t5/routing/how-to-set-up-in-the-...

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc5668/

For small enterprises/end users (that might not define their own communities at all) this is usually not a problem but for larger networks or ISP's you end up with a compromise where you are truncating the 6-digit ASN or using a private ASN, neither of which are desirable. Arin let's you request a 2-byte ASN and if they have one in inventory (they usually do) you can get it.

kloch··on BlackRock bitcoin private trust
Private placement trusts are limited to "sophisticated investors"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accredited_investor

Unlike mutual funds or "full service" ETF's nobody, not even institutional traders, can trade in and out of them daily. In fact usually you can only trade in/out at specific irregular times or by invitation. In some cases you may not be able to cash out until the fund itself is wound down.

There is a middle ground of OTC ETF's like Grayscale sponsors that are closed-ended funds like the above, but has a stock that can be traded "over the counter" (OTC) by retail investors, similar to how penny stocks trade. Because they are still closed/limited funds their publicly traded stock can and usually does trade at a premium or discount to Net Asset Value (NAV). This is because institutional investors cannot create or redeem trust units on demand to Arb the difference like they do in full service open ended ETF's.

kloch··on BlackRock bitcoin private trust
> the price is clearly still falling

I'm not sure what chart you are looking at but BTC has been rising since June. The drop in crypto assets this year is well correlated with other risk assets like Tech stocks. Everything sold off when the Fed started raising interest rates. Most analysts are expecting and Fed futures are pricing in a Fed pivot to cutting rates sometime next year.

> Anyone who wanted bitcoin would have bought by now. Just sellers remain.

Now this is just silly. The order book on Coinbase Pro (just one exchange) shows ~$40 million of buy orders at or above 20K, ~$40 million of sell orders at or below 28K, and the spread is typically $2 or less. The market looks balanced and efficient to me.

kloch··on Ethereum Goerli testnet merge goes live before move to proof-of-stake
It will be interesting to see what happens with ETC if ETH miners switch to that after the merge.

Does hashpower follow value, or does value follow hashpower?

kloch··on Why does anything exist?
On the similar theme of "things we don't have answers to yet":

When I was five years old I asked my dad what was beyond the "edge" of the Universe. He said "There is no edge, it goes on infinitely forever. Even if there was an edge, there would have to be something beyond that, even if it was a vacuum right?".

I literally cried myself to sleep trying to visualize this.

kloch··on Dark Matter Doesn't Exist
This is a constant bug/feature of human thought. When we try to see beyond the limits of our technology we find it irresistible promote explanations that can't be proved yet. Often these placeholder theories turn out to be complete nonsense (epicycles). Often they are incredibly convincing (Dark Matter), and sometimes they even turn out to be mostly correct - so this process is generally a good thing.

Where we run into trouble is by assigning too much credence (or too little skepticism) for that which has not been proven yet. This can be counter-productive as it may stifle research into other areas (in this case gravity). When we take the "best current theory" and deride skeptics of it to the point that it discourages other areas of investigation, that's a bug, not a feature.

Our current understanding of gravity is woefully inadequate, as shown by our inability to reproducibly measure the gravitational constant as well as we should be able to with current technology. The flyby anomaly is another example where DM does not help. I hope that the current popularity of DM does not stifle research into gravity.

kloch··on Man who built ISP instead of paying Comcast $50K expands to hundreds of homes
Jared has been participating in Nanog since forever. I have always looked up to him as a top-tier engineer.
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