342 karma · joined April 16, 2013
In physical environments where people are bombarded with low-information “noise”, gatekeeping (ie credentialism) emerges as a natural mechanism.
This article has a “every 60 seconds in Africa, a minute passes”
or “In Japanese culture, killing someone is frowned upon” vibe to it.
The Chola merchant guilds had formalized corporate structures that dissipated the risk of long voyages 2000 years ago. Seeing that the Romans traded with the Cholas, the Romans probably had corporate structures too.
Humans have been living in complex societies since the Bronze Age. It’s difficult to run a complex society without some sort of bureaucratic organization.
https://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l276-PromoterPromo....
Ie: budgeting priorities; India over budgets IITs and other elite institutions over other colleges and primary education. This results in a system with excellent top universities, but a steep drop in educational quality in tier 2 institutions (and very low educational outcomes in public primary and secondary schools).
The government also focuses on agricultural price stability over farm income (ie banning agricultural exports during high prices).
One can argue that the popularity of Modi and the other regional satraps (with language based sub nationalism) is a result of this institutional bias. Imagine how you would vote if you couldn’t participate in the economy of your hometown because all the street signs/store names were in a language you couldn’t read.
What do you mean?