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toast0

32,965 karma · joined December 23, 2012

Email: hn@enslaves.us

I built a browser based path MTU discovery test, http://pmtud.enslaves.us/

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toast0··on Silicon Valley's Bad Night
My electricity cost per kWh has just about doubled over the last 3 years, but afaik, it's mostly related to legislated changes to the energy mix and increases in fuel costs.

Fuel costs are up for lots of reasons, more demand for electricity could certainly be one of them... Inflation is certainly another component.

toast0··on So my ISP was hijacking my DNS
I dunno what was in a ringtone subscription. I used to work at a ringtone company, and it was $1-$3 per ringtone ($1 for monophonic, $2 for polyphonic and $3 for wav/mp3/whatever; which yeah, is more than a high quality download from iTunes... But $25/month is a ton of money.

Even with free ringtones, I'd send myself about three if I got a new phone. These days, I just keep a copy of the Nokia dubstep ringtone on hand in case I turn the ringer on, but it doesn't happen.

toast0··on Hacking the T-Mobile Sidekick, 20 Years Too Late
There was an Android build for OpenMoko Neo 1973 and it only had 128 MB ram (it also was missing some cpu extension and had to use kernel emulation for that, which wasn't a good experience... but nothing about that phone was a good experience, which is why I don't preorder hardware anymore)
toast0··on BYD doubles its Brazil market share to 9.7% a year after opening its local plant
> historical approach of providing cheaper, older vehicles in the Brazilian market.

I think most of the established brands have stopped doing a lot of that, but it used to be very common. VW would build some models in Germany for several years, mostly for sale to higher priced markets; when it came time for a new model, the old production tooling would go to South Africa, Mexico, or Brazil where it would continue to be built (and refined) for many more years. It's great for parts availability too, and sometimes there's nice improvements available with parts that were designed after the model left my market.

But now it's more common to have completely different models for lower priced markets, or build a global model with different options in different markets. Soemthing, something, model consolidation is expected to reduce costs? But BYD (and others) are making big inroads into low cost markets by building models that are more affordable and using that volume to maybe move into higher priced markets over time.

toast0··on Guerrilla bike lanes: San Francisco makes illicit infrastructure permanent (2016)
> Bike lanes don't just compete against car lanes. They also compete against sidewalks and bus/tram lanes.

Tram lanes are a travesty, but bus lanes make pretty decent bike lanes. I biked through Seattle to work for a year or so in 2018/2019 where bikes are allowed in bus lanes, and it's a good compromise. There's a couple of streets where the bus lanes are always full of busses, but most of the bus lanes are a nice place to ride; unless they've got rails, of course.

Seattle has put in a lot more separated bike lanes since I've been there, but on routes I wouldn't have used anyway, so I dunno. There was one on my route that was terrible, but I don't think they used that pattern very often; they put a separated bike lane between parking and the side walk, and parking ended close to an intersection where many cars wanted to turn right; limited visibility and limited space made it hard to get to the center or left of the lane to avoid conflicts with vehicles turning right.

IMHO, there's a conflict between bike infrastructure appropriate for beginner / slow bicyclists and infrastructure appropriate for experienced / faster bicyclists. Separated lanes can be nice, but they make it harder to mix with motor vehicles when that's appropriate and desirable. If separated bike infrastructure makes me take a longer path or wait for a signal change to turn left, but lack of infrastructure (and the traffic situation) would have let me mix with motor vehicles and take a permissive left without waiting for a signal change, that's a negative for me --- but the extra wait isn't an issue for someone who wouldn't have mixed with traffic for that left turn anyway.

toast0··on AMD expects to outsell Intel in Q4 for the first time in history
Intel didn't decide not to improve. Their CPU R&D has a long pipeline and they made the wrong prediction on tech (10nm), which resulted in a decade long pipeline stall. They're just about through that now, we'll see if they've got their groove back in the next few generations.

Before the 10nm issues, they were making consistent IPC improvement every generation, and although core counts were pretty stagnant for consumers, they would add a couple cores every generation on top Xeon skus. Maybe they could have done bigger changes with more time between, but it was nice being able to expect new server CPUs every 12-18 months that were meaningfully better.

toast0··on North Korean fake job interview led to $6.3B Binance heist
> You already have a degree from some university, and you already worked in software development for quite some time. So it's very annoying to do some test over and over again for every job application.

Ok, but there's no uniform grading in school or employment. We all know people who managed to get through university without learning anything and manage to hold a job in software development without knowing or doing anything. It'd be nice if a degree and a job history guaranteed competence, but it doesn't.

Lots of professions can bring a portfolio and/or a sample of their work, but most software developers can't because the work is often propriatary and a trade secret, and anyway would need a lot of specific setup to operate.

I've only taken test tests for government jobs, and they were laughably outdated; approximately nobody knew how much space was on a 5 1/4" floppy in 1998 when I took the test, but they were asking about 8" floppies, and I assume they still are, because the test had to go through some process and doing a new test would be expensive. But yeah, I expect a company to validate that I can both describe solutions to problems and turn that description into code.

toast0··on Microsoft fixes a Windows 11 annoyance as PC revenue declines
Looks fine to me?

https://lite.cnn.com/

Sometimes, some articles don't have content, but eh. Works for me.

NPR's site is nice too:

https://text.npr.org/

toast0··on Could a modern chess engine on a Pentium have defeated Kasparov in 1996?
> I remember that Nickelodeon had a contest where the winner was given a videophone and was part of some gameshow. I suspect it ran on ISDN.

I won a copy of Sonic the Hedgehog in that contest! AFAIK, it was just a retail copy and a letter; the game might still be at my parents' house, but I certainly don't have the letter. I was not selected to be on the show or anything. I remember watching the scrolling rules when they were doing the promotion and writing down a couple bits of the address every time.

toast0··on Could a modern chess engine on a Pentium have defeated Kasparov in 1996?
Voice calling has several issues.

a) it's a legacy product that operators don't care about anymore.

b) latency is important for voice, but modern voice calls have terrible latency. POTS was digitized (for T1/PRI) with g.711 which provides a 8kHz sample rate and 13 or 14 bit samples encoded down to 8 bit. PRI lines were multiplexed one sample at a time. There's a small amount of algorithmic delay, but not much.

Modern voice calling is packetized, and most systems have packets of at least 20ms, you have more encode/decode time, you probably have a significant sampling buffer, and you may have to wait for network access, so the receiver needs to add a jitter buffer to manage that. Additionally, echo cancelation needs processing time, and it's also harder with longer latency. Some systems use longer packet times to reduce network overhead.

c) codecs: g.711 has a terrible pass band, GSM codec takes the same inputs and compresses it harder. g.722.2 (amr-wideband) is better, but it requires proper call setup and that is problematic for calls from one carrier to another. If you're calling via apps, there's potential for more flexibility, but you likely get whatever the developer thought was good enough.

toast0··on Study estimates 75% of NFL players who died over 15-year span had CTE
Certainly, football isn't the only thing people do that leads to head injuries.

But if it is significantly worse than other sports, why not single it out as the worst thing ever?

Several sports increase the risk of CTE, but football has been more studied, I think because the incidence of obviously impared former players is higher than in other sports.

toast0··on Microsoft's Canada timezone troubles leave admins fixing calendars
That's not a major factor in this, afaik.

A) you need the new timezone definition available and pushed everywhere regardless. It doesn't matter what zone the RTC uses.

B) For future events, you need a way to manage what happens when the time zone they're scheduled in changes OR when they change to a new time zone. Microsoft has been terrible at this part on every time zone change I've been aware of (it's hard, but it's not this hard, and the Canadian change was published with sufficient notice, and time zone changes happen for recurring events, this is not a new requirement). But there's no connection to the time zone of the RTC here either.

If you have issues with poor behavior specifically around transitions, that could be related... Repeatedly moving forward or backward for DST is something where keeping the RTC in UTC would help.

toast0··on Police Dept. Quits After Finding Out What It Feels Like to Be Tracked
You need 4 officers for 24/7 coverage; one spare, and one manager seems reasonable, iff having a PD is reasonable. Probably makes more sense to make use of the county sherrif rather than having a PD if there's not some issue with the sherrif.

City manager would be in charge of city business (building and occupancy permits, inspections, billing for services, etc), whereas the Mayor (and/or city council) makes the political decisions (setting the policies the manager executes, etc)

It seems a bit silly to be incorporated with less than a thousand people, but I don't know the local history. If there's not that much to do, the city manager is likely part time, and the mayor probably does mayoral stuff a couple times a month. (Quick monthly meeting + maybe show up to a community event or three)

toast0··on Can’t fish Ethernet? Use “invisible” fiber instead
I don't use sfp+ modules for twisted pair... It didn't cost anymore to get nics and switches with the ports I need vs sfp+ and transceivers; although there's a lot fewer switches to choose from. 30 meters feels like a lot for most homes. 10g-base-T spec calls for 100m on cat6a and 55m on cat6. Running on cat5(e) isn't to spec, but largely works in a home environment where you tend not to have to deal with a lot of crosstalk from dense conduit.

And the benefit is I didn't have to run new cable. Lots of homes have some twisted pair in the wall, very few have fiber in the wall. Homes from the late 90s on probably have cat5 for phone lines.

toast0··on Can’t fish Ethernet? Use “invisible” fiber instead
10G on twisted pair isn't too bad either. Used enterprise NICs are cheap on eBay. New low cost cards are available, too (still costs more than used gear, but if you want lower power or multigig, it's worth a look). Switches aren't so cheap, but IMHO, 10g-baseT is comparable to sfp+ and a transceiver on each end.

Obviously, if something is wrong with your existing cabling, 10g-base-t is probably not going to work either. 10G is probably the limit for twisted pair, but I think it'll hold up as a reasonable speed for a long time.

toast0··on Show HN: I've updated my Linux System Call website and API
Well, from a quick look, Linux has dup/dup2/dup3 and clone/clone2/clone3 . I don't see anything that took 4, but there are things like accept/acccept4 and where the second one takes four arguments and wait4 which takes 4 arguments, but wait3 was already obsolete before Linux or FreeBSD started numbering syscalls. (I'm lazy and only looking on systems I have)

It's not some Linux specific issue either. FreeBSD has three versions of statfs/fstatsfs/truncate/ftruncate.

A lot of the file related syscalls also have a XXXXat (ex: open/openat) variant taking a directory reference instead of using cwd.

toast0··on We halved DNS build delay and cut memory use by 85%
> I imagine a renewal is a change event to, at least change the expiry, and renewals are constantly happening.

A domain renewal is an update at the registry, but there's no update in DNS at any level. If a domain expires, it would be removed (or at least changed) in the TLD DNS, but the authoritative DNS for the domain wouldn't necessarily update... it would just become orphaned.

toast0··on The Megadonors Who Have Poured $1.2B into the Midterms
You could just tax political donations or political ads. I'd suggest 50% federal tax, 25% state tax, and 25% local tax.
toast0··on Surviving "The Graduate"
> I think maybe the confusion is that I’m an American of South Asian descent. My parents immigrated to the United States a few decades ago from South Asia. To me all these people just look like white people and I can’t really tell how they would look ethnic or different aside from maybe hair color.

Yeah, I can understand the confusion from your perspective. You don't have the context. The US has a broad history of discrimination.

In 2026, there's a lot less. In the 1960s it was still common for country clubs (fancy golf courses and social clubs, more or less) to prohibit Jewish people from joining; this was an issue at some clubs even into the 1990s.

(Since you brought up Italians), Italians were also discriminated against in the US, but more in the 1800s and early 1900s; by the 1960s, Italians were largely integrated, although as many were/are Catholic, they would be excluded from 'WASP' - White Anglo Saxon Protestant. Around the same time that Italians faced a lot of discrimination, Irish did too, as they were also largely Catholic.

If you're familiar with redlining as a discrimination practice, to give you an idea of popular discrimination targets, Wikipedia says:

> Redlining has mostly been directed against African Americans, as well as Mexican Americans in the Southwestern United States, Jewish Americans, and Italian Americans

But that's not an exclusive list of discrimantion targets, just those that were large enough to target when home lending started getting more organized.

You also had racial covenants prohibiting selling land to non-whites, where that would exclude African Americans, most Asians, often Jewish people, maybe Hispanics and Italians and Irish. Those were made void in 1968, but it takes time and effort to remove them from deeds, so you might run into them.

toast0··on When electric cars were for women
> There really ought to be a standard battery form factor for EVs...

Seems unlikely to happen since the battery is part of a space optimization problem.

Maybe as battery technology matures, the benefits of a set of standarized sizes will win over per-model (sometimes per-trim) sizes.

But we used to have standardized headlights and those went away, so I don't have much hope.

toast0··on Landline phones will switch off across Britland in 100 days, no extensions
> All of them I've encountered take a very standard 12V lead-acid battery - the same one that's inside consumer UPS units - and you can get replacements from a dozen brands on Amazon and other vendors.

There's about 70 different sizes for these standard 12V lead-acid batteries though. And most of my consumer UPS units hide the battery behind a security screw and don't list the battery size in the docs. If the battery was removed and not replaced, it's harder than it should be to find a new one.

toast0··on Landline phones will switch off across Britland in 100 days, no extensions
> You put the battery in the RC and have a battery maintenance schedule. They do that today: the CO battery is just for phones within a few miles of the CO, so rural setups use distributed batteries.

I don't know for sure about POTS, because the pricing was prohibitive, but my local telco certainly did not use batteries at the remote terminal to keep ADSL online... when utility power dropped, ADSL dropped instantly, even when the outages were under 10 seconds.

My local wireless telcos provide about 4-8 hours of wireless after utility power drops. Not great, but better than what I got from ADSL + voip.

toast0··on Surviving "The Graduate"
> Why does it matter if the author is Jewish? He mentions it multiple times as if that fact would make himself unfitting to be the lead in the movie…

Perception on this has shifted quite a bit. Today, I don't know that this would be an issue (but maybe I'm wrong). In the early days of Hollywood, Jewish people tended to work behind the scenes and not as leading characters. In the 1960s things were changing.

toast0··on Seoul Viosys begins production of rare-earth-free white light emitter
> > optical communication for artificial intelligence (AI) data transmission.

> if the Company is suggesting it out of pure hype of AI mania.

IMHO, this is pretty transparently r&d for better? data transmission attached to the trend of the day that does a lot of data transmission. Where better is higher bandwidth, lower cost, etc.

AI is the current trendy thing, but better data transmission will always have applications.

toast0··on One-minute frequency disturbances from synchronization in power systems
> If most of the UPS units in a country do that exactly every minute, synchronized by NNTP,

Thankfully, usenet usage is way down, so we won't need to worry about this. ;p

toast0··on How long do you need to hold down the power button to turn off a PC?
It's all fun and games until the EC locks up.

Have had it happen on the Essential Phone and my MIL's Chromebook (don't remember the model). At least with the Chromebook, you can open it with a screwdriver and pull the battery. Better than waiting however many days for the battery to fully die so the EC resets.

toast0··on Fair Use Benefits Everyone
> Plenty of large businesses depend on fair use to avoid copyright lawsuits, including any tech company that hosts any kind of content (YouTube, Reddit, Meta).

Those companies don't rely on fair use. They rely on the DMCA. There's an agreement with the user for use of content where the user controls the rights, and anything that users upload where someone else controls the rights, DMCA protects the site as long as they follow the procedures.

toast0··on Commodore 1600 VICmodem
Pulse dialing is not sound (although you certainly can hear it), it's the phone circuit closing and opening. This modem plugs into a modular handset connector for a phone, that's after the hook switch and the duplex, so it's got two lines for microphone and two for speaker, and it can't hang up the line, so it can't pulse dial.

It could potentially do tone dialing, but that does need more hardware. A modern telephone modem is basically 8-bit 8000Hz PCM and DSP algorithms, but an 300 baud modem uses 4 fixed frequencies (from wikipedia):

> The originating station used a mark tone of 1,270 Hz and a space tone of 1,070 Hz.

> The answering station used a mark tone of 2,225 Hz and a space tone of 2,025 Hz.

DTMF dialing needs 7 different frequencies and you have to generate two frequencies at once. You might also want to detect dialtone which fully standardized in the 80s and anyway is a different set of frequencies.

Even if you had tone dialing, a lot of people had lines without tone dialing in the 80s, so it's going to be a fringe feature ... and if you already have to manually pick up the phone, because the modem lacks a hook switch and a duplex, might as well also dial the phone manually too.

toast0··on If IPv4 were land
Early bad experiences made a lot of people reluctant to try again.

There's a lot of edge cases to bite people still.

That said, something like 50% of users have working v6 now, which helps to file down the edges. Growth of v6 in the last 10 years has been much more significant than the previous 10 years. I suspect the next 10 years will be pretty significant, too.

I don't think many organizations are in a position to force adoption though.

You have mandates from say US government for government services and vendors and similar in some other countries. Some countries can force it through strong regulations on equipment sales. And then there's Jio (and maybe other ISPs) that have significant market power in some locales and a significant lack of v4 resources and can strongly encourage vendors and partners to support v6 for better service to users on their network.

toast0··on If IPv4 were land
If you're willing to jump through hoops, you might want to check if it's still possible to setup an EIN and a new SMB T-Mobile 5G internet and get a static ipv4 for a small charge per month.

Personally, I had major issues with the 5g wan equipment and my network as well as a snafu with ordering... Sales rep put in the order for a static ip with a ssn based SMB account, but that got removed during provisioning and couldn't be added back. (And then billing issues because the account didn't get cancelled properly, either)

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